Aditya Hridayam

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Aditya Hridayam: Lyrics and Meaning

आदित्यहृदयम्

Traditionally attributed to the sage Valmiki, as part of the Ramayana

The Aditya Hridayam ("the heart of Aditya", the Sun) is a hymn of 31 verses in Sanskrit. It is a chapter (sarga) of the Yuddha Kanda, the war book of the Valmiki Ramayana. Rama is tired after a long fight, and Ravana stands before him again. The sage Agastya comes to the battlefield, teaches Rama this hymn to the Sun, and leaves. Rama recites it, takes up his bow, and the Sun tells him to make haste. Many families recite it in the morning, and some on Sundays; customs differ by family and region.

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Verse 1

ततो युद्धपरिश्रान्तं समरे चिन्तया स्थितम् ॥रावणं चाग्रतो दृष्ट्वा युद्धाय समुपस्थितम् ॥

Tato yuddhaparishrantam samare chintaya sthitamRavanam chagrato drishtva yuddhaya samupasthitam

IAST

tato yuddhapariśrāntaṃ samare cintayā sthitam ||rāvaṇaṃ cāgrato dṛṣṭvā yuddhāya samupasthitam ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation Rama is tired from the battle and stands lost in thought. Ravana stands in front of him again, ready to fight.

हिंदी अर्थ युद्ध से थके हुए राम रणभूमि में चिंता में डूबे खड़े हैं। रावण फिर से युद्ध के लिए उनके सामने आ खड़ा हुआ है।

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. ततः tataḥ · then (indeclinable) Dictionary: tatas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 432, col. 2 “thereupon, then, after that, afterwards”
  2. युद्धपरिश्रान्तम् yuddhapariśrāntam · worn out by battle (compound, accusative singular) Dictionary: yuddha, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 854, col. 3 “battle, fight, war”; pari-śrānta, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 602, col. 3 “thoroughly fatigued or worn out”
  3. समरे samare · on the battlefield (locative singular) Dictionary: sam-ara, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1170, col. 3 “hostile encounter, conflict, struggle, war, battle”
  4. चिन्तया cintayā · lost in thought (instrumental singular) Dictionary: cintā, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 398, col. 1 “thought, care, anxiety”
  5. स्थितम् sthitam · standing (past participle, accusative singular) Dictionary: sthita, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1264, col. 1 “standing, staying, situated, resting or abiding or remaining in”
  6. रावणम् rāvaṇam · Ravana (accusative singular) Dictionary: rāvaṇa, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 879, col. 1 “N. of the ruler of Laṅkā or Ceylon”
  7. च ca · and (indeclinable) Dictionary: 2. ca, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 380, col. 1 “and, both, also, moreover, as well as”
  8. अग्रतः agrataḥ · in front (indeclinable) Dictionary: agratas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 6, col. 3 “in front, before”
  9. दृष्ट्वा dṛṣṭvā · having seen (absolutive: having done) Dictionary: 1. dṛś, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 491, col. 2 “to see, behold, look at, regard, consider”
  10. युद्धाय yuddhāya · for battle (dative singular) Dictionary: yuddha, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 854, col. 3 “battle, fight, war”
  11. समुपस्थितम् samupasthitam · come up, ready (past participle, accusative singular) Dictionary: sam-upasthita, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1169, col. 3 “approximated, approached, come to”

Then the revered Agastya. who, desirous of witnessing the fight, had along with the deities come there,—seeing Rāvana spent with the toil of conflict, staying in the field plunged in thought, and stationed before Rāma for engaging in encounter,—addressed Rāma, drawing near to him, saying,

This sentence covers verses Verse 1 to Verse 2.

English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1469, scan leaf n369). Shown verbatim.

Verse 2

दैवतैश्च समागम्य द्रष्टुमभ्यागतो रणम् ॥उपागम्याब्रवीद्राममगस्त्यो भगवानृषिः ॥

Daivataishcha samagamya drashtumabhyagato ranamUpagamyabravidramamagastyo bhagavanrishih

IAST

daivataiśca samāgamya draṣṭumabhyāgato raṇam ||upāgamyābravīdrāmamagastyo bhagavānṛṣiḥ ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation The sage Agastya had come with the gods to watch the battle. He goes up to Rama and speaks to him.

हिंदी अर्थ अगस्त्य मुनि देवताओं के साथ युद्ध देखने आए थे। वे राम के पास जाकर उनसे बोलते हैं।

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. दैवतैः daivataiḥ · with the gods (instrumental plural) Dictionary: daivata, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 498, col. 1 “a god, a deity”
  2. च ca · and (indeclinable) Dictionary: 2. ca, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 380, col. 1 “and, both, also, moreover, as well as”
  3. समागम्य samāgamya · having come together (absolutive: having done) Dictionary: sam-ā-gam, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1159, col. 1 “to come together”
  4. द्रष्टुम् draṣṭum · to watch (infinitive: to do) Dictionary: 1. dṛś, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 491, col. 2 “to see, behold, look at, regard, consider”
  5. अभ्यागतः abhyāgataḥ · who had come (past participle, nominative singular) Dictionary: abhy-āgata, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 77, col. 1 “come, arrived”
  6. रणम् raṇam · the battle (accusative singular) Dictionary: 1. raṇa, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 863, col. 3 “battle (as an object of delight), war, combat, fight, conflict”
  7. उपागम्य upāgamya · going up to (absolutive: having done) Dictionary: upā-gam, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 212, col. 3 “to come near, come towards, step near, approach”
  8. अब्रवीत् abravīt · said (past (imperfect), 3rd person singular) Dictionary: brū, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 742, col. 1 “to speak, say, tell”
  9. रामम् rāmam · to Rama (accusative singular) Dictionary: rāma, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 877, col. 1 “N. of various mythical personages”
  10. अगस्त्यः agastyaḥ · Agastya (nominative singular) Dictionary: agastya, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 4, col. 3; agasti, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 4, col. 3 “N. of a Ṛishi”
  11. भगवान् bhagavān · the revered (nominative singular) Dictionary: 2. bhagavat, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 743, col. 3 “glorious, illustrious, divine, adorable, venerable”
  12. ऋषिः ṛṣiḥ · sage (nominative singular) Dictionary: ṛṣi, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 226, col. 3 “a singer of sacred hymns, an inspired poet or sage”
1 printing differs

Edition differences. Another printing or text reads this place differently.

  • Word The 1888 Bombay printing reads: दैवतैश्च समागम्य द्रष्टुमभ्यागतो रणम् । उपगम्याब्रवीद्राममगस्त्यो भगवांस्तदा ॥ उपगम्य for उपागम्य; भगवांस्तदा ('the revered one, then') for भगवानृषिः ('the revered sage').

Dutt renders verses 1 and 2 as one sentence, stored on verse 1. Read it at Verse 1

English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org. Shown verbatim.

Verse 3

रामराम महाबाहो शृणु गुह्यं सनातनम् ॥येन सर्वानरीन्वत्स समरे विजयिष्यसि ॥

Ramarama mahabaho shrinu guhyam sanatanamYena sarvanarinvatsa samare vijayishyasi

IAST

rāmarāma mahābāho śṛṇu guhyaṃ sanātanam ||yena sarvānarīnvatsa samare vijayiṣyasi ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation Agastya calls Rama twice by name and asks him to listen to an old, secret teaching. The text says that by it Rama will defeat all his enemies in battle.

हिंदी अर्थ अगस्त्य राम को दो बार नाम लेकर पुकारते हैं और एक पुराना, गुप्त उपदेश सुनने को कहते हैं। पाठ कहता है कि इससे राम युद्ध में अपने सब शत्रुओं को जीत लेंगे।

The text’s own words about its benefits, not a promise from Pujadeep.

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. राम rāma · Rama (vocative singular) Dictionary: rāma, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 877, col. 1 “N. of various mythical personages”
  2. राम rāma · Rama (vocative singular) Dictionary: rāma, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 877, col. 1 “N. of various mythical personages”
  3. महाबाहो mahābāho · mighty-armed one (compound, vocative singular) Dictionary: mahā-bāhu, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 798, col. 1 “long-armed”
  4. शृणु śṛṇu · listen (imperative, 2nd person singular) Dictionary: 1. śru, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1100, col. 3 “to hear, listen or attend to anything”
  5. गुह्यम् guhyam · secret (accusative singular) Dictionary: guhya, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 360, col. 3 “a secret, mystery”
  6. सनातनम् sanātanam · eternal, ancient (accusative singular) Dictionary: sanātana, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1141, col. 1 “eternal, perpetual, permanent, everlasting, primeval, ancient”
  7. येन yena · by which (pronoun, instrumental singular) Dictionary: yad, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 844, col. 2 “who, which, what, whichever, whatever, that”
  8. सर्वान् sarvān · all (accusative plural) Dictionary: sarva, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1184, col. 3 “whole, entire, all, every”
  9. अरीन् arīn · enemies (accusative plural) Dictionary: 2. a-ri, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 87, col. 3 “an enemy”
  10. वत्स vatsa · dear child (vocative singular) Dictionary: vatsa, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 915, col. 3 “voc. vatsa often used as a term of endearment”
  11. समरे samare · in battle (locative singular) Dictionary: sam-ara, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1170, col. 3 “hostile encounter, conflict, struggle, war, battle”
  12. विजयिष्यसि vijayiṣyasi · you will win (future, 2nd person singular) Dictionary: vi-ji, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 960, col. 1 “to conquer, win or acquire by conquest”
1 printing differs

Edition differences. Another printing or text reads this place differently.

  • Word The 1888 Bombay printing reads: रामराम महाबाहो शृणु गुह्यं सनातनम् । येन सर्वानरीन्वत्स समरे विजयिष्यसे ॥ विजयिष्यसे (middle voice) for विजयिष्यसि; the meaning is the same.

—"Rāma, Rāma, O mighty-armed one, hearken to the eternal secret, whereby, my child, thou wilt conquer all foes in fight,

English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1469, scan leaf n369). Shown verbatim.

Verse 4

आदित्यहृदयं पुण्यं सर्वशत्रुविनाशनम् ॥जयावहं जपेन्नित्यमक्षयं परमं शिवम् ॥

Adityahridayam punyam sarvashatruvinashanamJayavaham japennityamakshayam paramam shivam

IAST

ādityahṛdayaṃ puṇyaṃ sarvaśatruvināśanam ||jayāvahaṃ japennityamakṣayaṃ paramaṃ śivam ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation The teaching is the Aditya Hridayam, "the heart of the Sun". The text says that it is holy, that it destroys all enemies and brings victory, and that one should recite it daily; it calls it lasting, supreme and auspicious.

हिंदी अर्थ यह उपदेश आदित्यहृदय है, यानी "सूर्य का हृदय"। पाठ कहता है कि यह पवित्र है, सब शत्रुओं का नाश करता है, विजय दिलाता है, और इसका जप रोज़ करना चाहिए; वह इसे अक्षय, परम और कल्याणकारी कहता है।

The text’s own words about its benefits, not a promise from Pujadeep.

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. आदित्यहृदयम् ādityahṛdayam · the Aditya Hridayam hymn (compound, accusative singular) Dictionary: āditya-hṛdaya, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 137, col. 2 “N. of a Stotra”; 1. āditya, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 137, col. 2; hṛdaya, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1302, col. 3 “the heart”
  2. पुण्यम् puṇyam · holy (accusative singular) Dictionary: puṇya, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 632, col. 1 “auspicious, propitious, fair, pleasant, good, right, virtuous, meritorious, pure, holy, sacred”
  3. सर्वशत्रुविनाशनम् sarvaśatruvināśanam · destroying all enemies (compound, accusative singular) Dictionary: sarva, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1184, col. 3 “whole, entire, all, every”; śatru, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1051, col. 1 “an enemy, foe, rival”; vi-nāśana, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 969, col. 3 “causing to disappear, removal, destruction, annihilation”
  4. जयावहम् jayāvaham · bringing victory (compound, accusative singular) Dictionary: jaya, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 412, col. 3 “conquest, victory, triumph, winning, being victorious”; ā-vaha, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 155, col. 1 “bringing, bringing to pass, producing”
  5. जपेत् japet · one should recite (optative, 3rd person singular) Dictionary: jap, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 411, col. 3 “to utter in a low voice, whisper, mutter (esp. prayers or incantations)”
  6. नित्यम् nityam · always (adverb) Dictionary: nitya, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 547, col. 2 “continual, perpetual, eternal”
  7. अक्षयम् akṣayam · unfailing (accusative singular) Dictionary: a-kṣaya, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 3, col. 2 “exempt from decay, undecaying”
  8. परमम् paramam · supreme (accusative singular) Dictionary: parama, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 588, col. 1 “best, most excellent”
  9. शिवम् śivam · auspicious (accusative singular) Dictionary: śiva, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1074, col. 1 “auspicious, propitious, gracious, favourable, benign, kind, benevolent, friendly, dear”
3 printings differ

Edition differences. Another printing or text reads this place differently.

  • The printed edition reads: आदित्यहृदयं पुण्यं सर्वशत्रुविनाशनम् ॥
    जयावहं जपेन्नित्यमक्षय्यं परमं शिवम् ॥
  • Word The 1888 Bombay printing reads: आदित्यहृदयं पुण्यं सर्वशत्रुविनाशनम् । जयावहं जपं नित्यमक्षयं परमं शिवम् ॥ जपं नित्यम् ('a recitation, always') for जपेन्नित्यम् ('one should recite it always'). The Tilaka itself notes जपेन्नित्यम् as another reading (p. 428). Its अक्षयं is now the display's word.
  • Spelling The 1913 Bombay printing reads: जयावहं जपेन्नित्यमक्षय्यं परमं शिवम् ॥ The base printing reads अक्षय्यं (p. 400, leaf n417), another form with the same sense ('undecaying'). The display follows today's common wording, अक्षयं.

—Aditya-hridaya,1 sacred, capable of destroying all foes, bringing victory—the recitation, enduring and indestructible,—and supremely good;

  1. Lit—The heart of the Sun—the designation of a Vedic Hymn. ↩
English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1469–1470, scan leaf n369–n370). Shown verbatim.

Verse 5

सर्वमङ्गलमाङ्गल्यं सर्वपापप्रणाशनम् ॥चिन्ताशोकप्रशमनमायुर्वर्धनमुत्तमम् ॥

Sarvamangalamangalyam sarvapapapranashanamChin­ta­sho­kap­ra­sha­ma­na­ma­yur­var­dha­na­mut­ta­mam

IAST

sarvamaṅgalamāṅgalyaṃ sarvapāpapraṇāśanam ||cin­tā­śo­kap­ra­śa­ma­na­mā­yur­var­dha­na­mut­ta­mam ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation The text says that the hymn is the most auspicious of all auspicious things, that it removes all sins, calms worry and grief, and lengthens life, and that it is the best of hymns.

हिंदी अर्थ पाठ कहता है कि यह स्तोत्र सब मंगलों में मंगल है, सब पापों को मिटाता है, चिंता और शोक को शांत करता है, आयु बढ़ाता है और सबसे उत्तम है।

The text’s own words about its benefits, not a promise from Pujadeep.

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. सर्वमङ्गलमाङ्गल्यम् sarvamaṅgalamāṅgalyam · most auspicious of all blessings (compound, accusative singular) Dictionary: sarva-maṅgala, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1186, col. 3 “universally auspicious”; māṅgalya, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 806, col. 1 “conferring or indicating happiness, auspicious”
  2. सर्वपापप्रणाशनम् sarvapāpapraṇāśanam · removing all sins (compound, accusative singular) Dictionary: sarva, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1184, col. 3 “whole, entire, all, every”; pāpa, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 618, col. 2 “sin, vice, crime, guilt”; pra-ṇāśana, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 659, col. 3 “causing to disappear, removing, destroying”
  3. चिन्ताशोकप्रशमनम् cintāśokapraśamanam · calming worry and grief (compound, accusative singular) Dictionary: cintā, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 398, col. 1 “thought, care, anxiety”; śoka, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1091, col. 1 “sorrow, affliction, anguish, pain, trouble, grief”; pra-śamana, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 695, col. 1 “tranquillizing, pacifying, curing, healing”
  4. आयुर्वर्धनम् āyurvardhanam · lengthening life (compound, accusative singular) Dictionary: āyus, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 149, col. 1 “life, vital power, vigour, health, duration of life, long life”; 2. vardhana, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 926, col. 1 “causing to increase, strengthening, granting prosperity”
  5. उत्तमम् uttamam · excellent (accusative singular) Dictionary: ut-tama, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 177, col. 3 “best, excellent”
2 printings differ

Edition differences. Another printing or text reads this place differently.

  • The printed edition reads: सर्वमङ्गलमङ्गल्यं सर्वपापप्रणाशनम् ॥
    चिन्ताशोकप्रशमनमायुर्वर्धनमुत्तमम् ॥
  • Word The 1913 Bombay printing reads: सर्वमङ्गलमङ्गल्यं सर्वपापप्रणाशनम् ॥ The base printing reads मङ्गल्यं (p. 400, leaf n417); both words mean 'auspicious'. Since 15 Oct 2026 the display shows माङ्गल्यं, as the 1888 printing has it (p. 428, leaf n461, read on the page image) and as both present-day texts read (Gita Press booklet p. 8; sanskritdocuments.org).

fraught with all welfare, removing every sin,—chasing away anxiety and grief, bringing length of days; and excellent.

English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1470, scan leaf n370). Shown verbatim.

Verse 6

रश्मिमन्तं समुद्यन्तं देवासुरनमस्कृतम् ॥पूजयस्व विवस्वन्तं भास्करं भुवनेश्वरम् ॥

Rashmimantam samudyantam devasuranamaskritamPujayasva vivasvantam bhaskaram bhuvaneshvaram

IAST

raśmimantaṃ samudyantaṃ devāsuranamaskṛtam ||pūjayasva vivasvantaṃ bhāskaraṃ bhuvaneśvaram ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation Agastya tells Rama to worship the Sun, who has rays, who is rising, to whom gods and asuras bow, the shining one (Vivasvan), the maker of light (Bhaskara), the lord of the worlds.

हिंदी अर्थ अगस्त्य राम से कहते हैं कि सूर्य की पूजा करो, जो किरणों वाले हैं, उदय हो रहे हैं, जिन्हें देवता और असुर नमस्कार करते हैं, जो विवस्वान् (प्रकाशमान), भास्कर (प्रकाश करने वाले) और भुवनों के स्वामी हैं।

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. रश्मिमन्तम् raśmimantam · the one with rays (accusative singular) Dictionary: raśmi-mat, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 869, col. 2 “having rays or beams, radiant”
  2. समुद्यन्तम् samudyantam · rising (present participle, accusative singular) Dictionary: sam-ud-i, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1167, col. 2 “to rise (as the sun)”
  3. देवासुरनमस्कृतम् devāsuranamaskṛtam · honoured by gods and asuras (compound, accusative singular) Dictionary: devāsura, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 495, col. 2 “the gods and the Asuras”; namas-kṛta, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 528, col. 1 “worshipped, adored”
  4. पूजयस्व pūjayasva · worship (imperative (middle), 2nd person singular) Dictionary: pūj, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 641, col. 1 “to honour, worship, revere, respect, regard”
  5. विवस्वन्तम् vivasvantam · Vivasvan, the shining one (accusative singular) Dictionary: vi-vasvat, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 987, col. 1 “‘the Brilliant one,’ N. of the Sun”
  6. भास्करम् bhāskaram · the maker of light (accusative singular) Dictionary: bhās-kara, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 756, col. 1 “‘making light,’ shining, glittering, bright”
  7. भुवनेश्वरम् bhuvaneśvaram · lord of the worlds (compound, accusative singular) Dictionary: bhuvaneśvara, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 760, col. 3 “‘lord of the w°,’ a prince, king”

Do thou worship Vivaçwata's offspring—the Sun—lord of the world, furnished with rays,—who maketh people engage in work, and who is bowed down to by deities and Asuras.

English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1470, scan leaf n370). Shown verbatim.

Verse 7

सर्वदेवात्मको ह्येष तेजस्वी रश्मिभावनः ॥एष देवासुरगणाँल्लोकान्पाति गभस्तिभिः ॥

Sarvadevatmako hyesha tejasvi rashmibhavanahEsha devasuragananllokanpati gabhastibhih

IAST

sarvadevātmako hyeṣa tejasvī raśmibhāvanaḥ ||eṣa devāsuragaṇām̐llokānpāti gabhastibhiḥ ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation The Sun holds within himself all the gods. He is bright and gives life by his rays. With his rays he protects the worlds and the hosts of gods and asuras.

हिंदी अर्थ सूर्य में सब देवता समाए हुए हैं। वे तेजस्वी हैं और अपनी किरणों से जीवन देते हैं। वे अपनी किरणों से देवताओं, असुरों और सब लोकों की रक्षा करते हैं।

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. सर्वदेवात्मकः sarvadevātmakaḥ · the self of all gods (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: sarva, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1184, col. 3 “whole, entire, all, every”; deva, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 492, col. 2 “a deity, god”; ātmaka, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 136, col. 1 “having or consisting of the nature or character of (in comp.)”
  2. हि hi · indeed (indeclinable) Dictionary: 2. hi, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1297, col. 3 “for, because, on account of”
  3. एषः eṣaḥ · he (pronoun, nominative singular) Dictionary: etad, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 231, col. 2 “this, this here, here”
  4. तेजस्वी tejasvī · radiant (nominative singular) Dictionary: tejas-vin, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 454, col. 3 “brilliant, splendid, bright, powerful, energetic”
  5. रश्मिभावनः raśmibhāvanaḥ · who brings forth rays (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: raśmi, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 869, col. 2 “a ray of light, beam, splendour”; 2. bhāvana, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 755, col. 1 “causing to be, effecting, producing”
  6. एषः eṣaḥ · he (pronoun, nominative singular) Dictionary: etad, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 231, col. 2 “this, this here, here”
  7. देवासुरगणान् devāsuragaṇān · the hosts of gods and asuras (compound, accusative plural) Dictionary: devāsura, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 495, col. 2 “the gods and the Asuras”; gaṇa, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 343, col. 1 “a flock, troop, multitude, number, tribe, series, class”
  8. लोकान् lokān · the worlds (accusative plural) Dictionary: loka, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 906, col. 1 “the wide space or world”
  9. पाति pāti · protects (present, 3rd person singular) Dictionary: 3. pā, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 613, col. 2 “to watch, keep, preserve; to protect from, defend against”
  10. गभस्तिभिः gabhastibhiḥ · with his rays (instrumental plural) Dictionary: gabhasti, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 346, col. 2 “a ray of light, sunbeam”

This effulgent one, producing rays, is instinct with the spirits of all the deities; and he with his rays ruleth all creatures—and the hosts of celestials and Asuras.

English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1470, scan leaf n370). Shown verbatim.

Verse 8

एष ब्रह्मा च विष्णुश्च शिवः स्कन्दः प्रजापतिः ॥महेन्द्रो धनदः कालो यमः सोमो ह्यपां पतिः ॥

Esha brahma cha vishnushcha shivah skandah prajapatihMahendro dhanadah kalo yamah somo hyapam patih

IAST

eṣa brahmā ca viṣṇuśca śivaḥ skandaḥ prajāpatiḥ ||mahendro dhanadaḥ kālo yamaḥ somo hyapāṃ patiḥ ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation The Sun is Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva, Skanda and Prajapati. He is Indra, Kubera (the giver of wealth), Time (Kala), Yama, Soma (the Moon) and Varuna, the lord of the waters.

हिंदी अर्थ सूर्य ही ब्रह्मा, विष्णु, शिव, स्कन्द और प्रजापति हैं। वे ही इंद्र, कुबेर (धन देने वाले), काल, यम, सोम (चंद्र) और जल के स्वामी वरुण हैं।

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. एषः eṣaḥ · he (pronoun, nominative singular) Dictionary: etad, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 231, col. 2 “this, this here, here”
  2. ब्रह्मा brahmā · Brahma (nominative singular) Dictionary: brahman, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 738, col. 1 “Brahmā or the one impersonal universal Spirit manifested as a personal Creator”
  3. च ca · and (indeclinable) Dictionary: 2. ca, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 380, col. 1 “and, both, also, moreover, as well as”
  4. विष्णुः viṣṇuḥ · Vishnu (nominative singular) Dictionary: viṣṇu, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 999, col. 1 “N. of one of the principal Hindū deities”
  5. च ca · and (indeclinable) Dictionary: 2. ca, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 380, col. 1 “and, both, also, moreover, as well as”
  6. शिवः śivaḥ · Shiva (nominative singular) Dictionary: śiva, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1074, col. 1
  7. स्कन्दः skandaḥ · Skanda (nominative singular) Dictionary: skanda, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1256, col. 1 “‘Attacker,’ N. of Kārttikeya”
  8. प्रजापतिः prajāpatiḥ · Prajapati, lord of beings (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: prajā-pati, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 658, col. 3 “lord of creatures, creator”
  9. महेन्द्रः mahendraḥ · great Indra (nominative singular) Dictionary: mahendra, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 802, col. 1 “the great Indra”
  10. धनदः dhanadaḥ · Kubera, giver of wealth (nominative singular) Dictionary: dhana-da, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 508, col. 2 “N. of Kubera”
  11. कालः kālaḥ · Time (nominative singular) Dictionary: 2. kāla, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 278, col. 1 “time (as destroying all things), death, time of death”
  12. यमः yamaḥ · Yama (nominative singular) Dictionary: yama, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 846, col. 1 “N. of the god who presides over the Pitṛis”
  13. सोमः somaḥ · Soma, the moon (nominative singular) Dictionary: 1. soma, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1249, col. 3 “the moon or moon-god”
  14. हि hi · indeed (indeclinable) Dictionary: 2. hi, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1297, col. 3 “for, because, on account of”
  15. अपाम् apām · of the waters (genitive plural) Dictionary: 2. ap, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 47, col. 3 “water”
  16. पतिः patiḥ · lord (nominative singular) Dictionary: 1. pati, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 582, col. 1 “a master, owner, possessor, lord, ruler, sovereign”; apām-pati, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 47, col. 3 “the ocean; N. of Varuṇa”
2 printings differ

Edition differences. Another printing or text reads this place differently.

  • The printed edition reads: एष ब्रह्मा च विष्णुश्च शिवः स्कन्दः प्रजापतिः ॥
    महेन्द्रो धनदः कालो यमः सोमो ह्यपां-पतिः ॥     The hyphen printed inside ह्यपां-पतिः is written as a space (ह्यपां पतिः, 'and the lord of the waters').
  • Spelling The 1888 Bombay printing reads: एष ब्रह्मा च विष्णुश्च शिवः स्कन्दः प्रजापतिः । महेन्द्रो धनदः कालो यमः सोमो ह्यपांपतिः ह्यपांपतिः printed as one word (no hyphen). The 1888 line has no closing ॥ (the line is full).

This Sun is Brahmā and Vishnu and Siva and Skanda1 and Prajāpati,2 and Mahendra and Dhanada3 and the Destroyer—Yama—and Soma4 and the Lord of waters;

  1. The celestial generallissimo. The commentator gives a spiritual interpretation. 'He that by means of his rays openeth up the five organs of perception.' ↩
  2. The lord of all creatures, by virtue of his bringing forth all beings through his energy. ↩
  3. Dispenser of riches, a name of Kuvera. ↩
  4. Furnished with splendour, a name of the Moon. According to some 'endowed with energy.' ↩
English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1470, scan leaf n370). Shown verbatim.

Verse 9

पितरो वसवः साध्या ह्यश्विनौ मरुतो मनुः ॥वायुर्वह्निः प्रजाप्राण ऋतुकर्ता प्रभाकरः ॥

Pitaro vasavah sadhya hyashvinau maruto manuhVayurvahnih prajaprana ritukarta prabhakarah

IAST

pitaro vasavaḥ sādhyā hyaśvinau maruto manuḥ ||vāyurvahniḥ prajāprāṇa ṛtukartā prabhākaraḥ ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation He is the Pitris (the ancestors), the Vasus, the Sadhyas, the two Ashvins, the Maruts and Manu. He is Vayu (wind) and Agni (fire), the life-breath of all beings, the maker of the seasons and the maker of light.

हिंदी अर्थ वे ही पितर, वसु, साध्य, दोनों अश्विनीकुमार, मरुद्गण और मनु हैं। वे ही वायु और अग्नि हैं, प्रजा के प्राण हैं, ऋतुओं के कर्ता और प्रकाश करने वाले (प्रभाकर) हैं।

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. पितरः pitaraḥ · the ancestors (nominative plural) Dictionary: pitṛ, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 626, col. 2 “the fathers, forefathers, ancestors, (esp.) the Pitṛis or deceased ancestors”
  2. वसवः vasavaḥ · the Vasus (nominative plural) Dictionary: 1. vasu, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 930, col. 3 “a partic. class of gods”
  3. साध्याः sādhyāḥ · the Sadhyas (nominative plural) Dictionary: sādhya, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1202, col. 1 “N. of a class of celestial beings”
  4. हि hi · indeed (indeclinable) Dictionary: 2. hi, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1297, col. 3 “for, because, on account of”
  5. अश्विनौ aśvinau · the two Ashvins (nominative dual) Dictionary: aśvin, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 116, col. 1 “‘the two charioteers,’ N. of two divinities”
  6. मरुतः marutaḥ · the Maruts (nominative plural) Dictionary: marut, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 790, col. 2 “the storm-gods”
  7. मनुः manuḥ · Manu (nominative singular) Dictionary: manu, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 784, col. 2 “the Man par excellence or the representative man and father of the human race”
  8. वायुः vāyuḥ · Vayu, the wind (nominative singular) Dictionary: 1. vāyu, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 942, col. 2 “the god of the wind”
  9. वह्निः vahniḥ · fire (nominative singular) Dictionary: vahni, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 933, col. 3 “the conveyer or bearer of oblations to the gods”
  10. प्रजाप्राणः prajāprāṇaḥ · breath of life of all beings (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: prajā, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 658, col. 2 “offspring, children, family, race, posterity”; 2. prāṇa, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 705, col. 1 “the breath of life, breath, respiration, spirit, vitality”
  11. ऋतुकर्ता ṛtukartā · maker of the seasons (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: ṛtu, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 224, col. 1 “an epoch, period (esp. a division or part of the year), season”; kartṛ, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 257, col. 3 “one who makes or does or acts or effects, a doer, maker, agent, author”
  12. प्रभाकरः prabhākaraḥ · maker of light (nominative singular) Dictionary: prabhā-kara, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 683, col. 3 “‘light-maker,’ the sun”
1 printing differs

Edition differences. Another printing or text reads this place differently.

  • Word The 1888 Bombay printing reads: पितरो वसवः साध्या अश्विनौ मरुतो मनुः । वायुर्वह्निः प्रजाः प्राण ऋतुकर्ता प्रभाकरः ॥ अश्विनौ without ह्य; प्रजाः प्राण ('the creatures, the life-breath') as two words for प्रजाप्राण ('the life-breath of creatures').

and the Pitris,1 and the Vasus, and the Sādhyas2 and the two Açwinis3 and the Maruts and Manu,4 and the Wind-god and the God of fire and the creatures and the Creator of life and the seasons.

  1. Lit. the ancestral manes. Here the generator of everything. ↩
  2. An order of semi-divine beings. Here, 'He who is adored by the spiritual.' ↩
  3. In virtue of his omnipresence and his being the healer of all ailments. ↩
  4. All-knowing and being the primæval sovereign. ↩
English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1470, scan leaf n370). Shown verbatim.

Verse 10

आदित्यः सविता सूर्यः खगः पूषा गभस्तिमान् ॥सुवर्णसदृशो भानुर्हिरण्यरेता दिवाकरः ॥

Adityah savita suryah khagah pusha gabhastimanSuvarnasadrisho bhanurhiranyareta divakarah

IAST

ādityaḥ savitā sūryaḥ khagaḥ pūṣā gabhastimān ||suvarṇasadṛśo bhānurhiraṇyaretā divākaraḥ ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation Names of the Sun: Aditya (son of Aditi), Savita (who brings forth), Surya, Khaga (who moves in the sky), Pusha (who nourishes), Gabhastiman (who has rays), golden in colour, Bhanu (the shining), Hiranyareta (whose seed is gold) and Divakara (the maker of day).

हिंदी अर्थ सूर्य के नाम: आदित्य (अदिति के पुत्र), सविता (उत्पन्न करने वाले), सूर्य, खग (आकाश में चलने वाले), पूषा (पोषण करने वाले), गभस्तिमान् (किरणों वाले), सोने के समान रंग वाले, भानु (चमकने वाले), हिरण्यरेता और दिवाकर (दिन करने वाले)।

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. आदित्यः ādityaḥ · Aditya, son of Aditi (nominative singular) Dictionary: 1. āditya, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 137, col. 2 “‘son of Aditi’”
  2. सविता savitā · Savitr, the one who rouses (nominative singular) Dictionary: savitṛ, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1190, col. 2 “a stimulator, rouser, vivifier”
  3. सूर्यः sūryaḥ · Surya, the sun (nominative singular) Dictionary: sūrya, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1243, col. 1 “the sun or its deity”
  4. खगः khagaḥ · moving in the sky (nominative singular) Dictionary: kha-ga, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 334, col. 2 “moving in air”
  5. पूषा pūṣā · Pushan, the nourisher (nominative singular) Dictionary: pūṣan, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 645, col. 1 “the sun”
  6. गभस्तिमान् gabhastimān · the one with rays (nominative singular) Dictionary: gabhasti-mat, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 346, col. 2 “shining, brilliant”
  7. सुवर्णसदृशः suvarṇasadṛśaḥ · like gold (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: su-varṇa, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1236, col. 2 “of a good or beautiful colour, brilliant in hue, bright, golden, yellow”; sadṛśa, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1140, col. 1 “like, resembling, similar to”
  8. भानुः bhānuḥ · the shining one (nominative singular) Dictionary: bhānu, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 751, col. 1 “the sun”
  9. हिरण्यरेताः hiraṇyaretāḥ · of golden seed (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: hiraṇya-retas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1300, col. 1 “having golden seed”
  10. दिवाकरः divākaraḥ · maker of the day (nominative singular) Dictionary: divā-kara, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 478, col. 3 “‘day-maker,’ the sun”

And he is Āditya1 and Savitā2 and Suryya3 and Khaga4 and Pushā5 and Gavastimān,6 and the Golden-looking and Bhānu7 and Hiranyaretā8 and Divākara.9

  1. 'He from whom all derive sustenance.' ↩
  2. 'The producer of heart and the spiritual faculties by heat, and corn, etc. by showers.' ↩
  3. 'Coursing alone, according to the commentator. It may also means—'He that sets people to work.' ↩
  4. 'Coursing the highest heavens,' or says the commentator 'the heavens of the heart.' ↩
  5. 'The maintainer.' ↩
  6. Gavastimān—'Ray-furnished, or having the all-permeating Spirit of Auspiciousness.' ↩
  7. Bhānu—'having brightness.' ↩
  8. Hiranyaretā—'instinct with the cosmic energy.' ↩
  9. Divākara—'maker of day.' ↩
English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1470–1471, scan leaf n370–n371). Shown verbatim.

Verse 11

हरिदश्वः सहस्रार्चिः सप्तसप्तिर्मरीचिमान् ॥तिमिरोन्मथनः शंभुस्त्वष्टा मार्तण्ड अंशुमान् ॥

Haridashvah sahasrarchih saptasaptirmarichimanTimironmathanah shambhustvashta martanda anshuman

IAST

haridaśvaḥ sahasrārciḥ saptasaptirmarīcimān ||timironmathanaḥ śaṃbhustvaṣṭā mārtaṇḍa aṃśumān ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation More names: Haridashva (whose horses are green or yellow), Sahasrarchi (with a thousand rays), Saptasapti (with seven horses), Marichiman (with beams of light), the one who drives away darkness, Shambhu (the giver of happiness), Tvashta (the maker of forms), Martanda and Amshuman (with rays).

हिंदी अर्थ और नाम: हरिदश्व (हरे या पीले घोड़ों वाले), सहस्रार्चि (हज़ार किरणों वाले), सप्तसप्ति (सात घोड़ों वाले), मरीचिमान् (किरणों वाले), अंधकार को मिटाने वाले, शंभु (सुख देने वाले), त्वष्टा (रूप गढ़ने वाले), मार्तण्ड और अंशुमान् (किरणों वाले)।

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. हरिदश्वः haridaśvaḥ · whose horses are tawny (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: harid-aśva, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1291, col. 3 “‘having fallow horses,’ the Sun”
  2. सहस्रार्चिः sahasrārciḥ · thousand-rayed (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: sahasrārcis, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1196, col. 3 “th°-rayed”
  3. सप्तसप्तिः saptasaptiḥ · drawn by seven horses (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: sapta-sapti, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1150, col. 2 “having 7 horses; m. N. of the Sun”
  4. मरीचिमान् marīcimān · full of light (nominative singular) Dictionary: marīci-mat, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 790, col. 1 “(ifc.) having rays, radiant or shining with”
  5. तिमिरोन्मथनः timironmathanaḥ · dispeller of darkness (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: timira, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 447, col. 1 “darkness (also pl.)”; un-mathana, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 193, col. 3 “the act of shaking off”
  6. शंभुः śaṃbhuḥ · giver of good (nominative singular) Dictionary: śambhu, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1055, col. 1 “granting or causing happiness, beneficent”
  7. त्वष्टा tvaṣṭā · Tvashtr, the maker (nominative singular) Dictionary: tvaṣṭṛ, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 464, col. 1 “a form of the sun”
  8. मार्तण्डः mārtaṇḍaḥ · Martanda (nominative singular) Dictionary: mārtaṇḍa, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 813, col. 1 “the sun or the god of the sun”
  9. अंशुमान् aṃśumān · radiant (nominative singular) Dictionary: aṃśu-mat, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1, col. 2 “radiant, luminous”
1 printing differs

Edition differences. Another printing or text reads this place differently.

  • Word The 1888 Bombay printing reads: हरिदश्वः सहस्रार्चिः सप्तसप्तिर्मरीचिमान् । तिमिरोन्मथनः शंभुस्त्वष्टा मार्तण्डकोंऽशुमान् ॥ मार्तण्डकः ('Martandaka') for मार्तण्ड; the Tilaka glosses 'मार्तण्डः स एव मार्तण्डकः'.

And he is Haridaçwa1 and Sahasrārchi2 and Saptasapti3 and Marichimān.4 And he subdueth darkness, and he is Sambhu5 and Tashtā6 and Mārtandaka7 and Ançumān.8

  1. Haridaçwa—'pervading all sides,' or 'having black steeds.' ↩
  2. Sahasrārchi—'thousand-rayed. The commentator explains spiritually, He whose cognition points in infinite directions.' ↩
  3. 'He from whom proceed the seven organs of sense of people.' Or 'he who has seven steeds.' ↩
  4. 'Having rays.' ↩
  5. 'He from whom proceed the several sorts of happiness.' ↩
  6. 'He who removes the misfortunes of his votaries.' ↩
  7. 'He that infuses life into the lifeless mundane egg.' ↩
  8. 'Having rays.' ↩
English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1471, scan leaf n371). Shown verbatim.

Verse 12

हिरण्यगर्भः शिशिरस्तपनो भास्करो रविः ॥अग्निगर्भोऽदितेः पुत्रः शङ्खः शिशिरनाशनः ॥

Hiranyagarbhah shishirastapano bhaskaro ravihAgnigarbhoditeh putrah shankhah shishiranashanah

IAST

hiraṇyagarbhaḥ śiśirastapano bhāskaro raviḥ ||agnigarbho’diteḥ putraḥ śaṅkhaḥ śiśiranāśanaḥ ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation More names: Hiranyagarbha (the golden womb of the world), the cool one (Shishira), Tapana (who gives heat), Bhaskara (the maker of light), Ravi, Agnigarbha (who holds fire within), the son of Aditi, Shankha, and the one who ends the cold.

हिंदी अर्थ और नाम: हिरण्यगर्भ (जगत का स्वर्णिम गर्भ), शिशिर (शीतल), तपन (ताप देने वाले), भास्कर (प्रकाश करने वाले), रवि, अग्निगर्भ (भीतर अग्नि धारण करने वाले), अदिति के पुत्र, शंख और शीत का नाश करने वाले।

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. हिरण्यगर्भः hiraṇyagarbhaḥ · Hiranyagarbha, golden womb (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: hiraṇya-garbha, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1299, col. 3 “N. of Brahmā”
  2. शिशिरः śiśiraḥ · cool, gentle (nominative singular) Dictionary: śiśira, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1076, col. 1 “cool, chilly, cold, frigid, freezing”
  3. तपनः tapanaḥ · the one who heats (nominative singular) Dictionary: tapana, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 437, col. 1 “warming, burning, shining (the sun)”
  4. भास्करः bhāskaraḥ · maker of light (nominative singular) Dictionary: bhās-kara, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 756, col. 1 “‘making light,’ shining, glittering, bright”
  5. रविः raviḥ · Ravi, the sun (nominative singular) Dictionary: ravi, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 869, col. 1 “the sun (in general) or the sun-god”
  6. अग्निगर्भः agnigarbhaḥ · holding fire within (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: agni-garbha, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 5, col. 1 “pregnant with fire”
  7. अदितेः aditeḥ · of Aditi (genitive singular) Dictionary: 3. a-diti, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 18, col. 2 “N. of one of the most ancient of the Indian goddesses”
  8. पुत्रः putraḥ · son (nominative singular) Dictionary: putra, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 632, col. 3 “a son, child”
  9. शङ्खः śaṅkhaḥ · conch (a name) (nominative singular) Dictionary: śaṅkha, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1047, col. 2 “a shell, (esp.) the conch-shell”
  10. शिशिरनाशनः śiśiranāśanaḥ · remover of cold (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: śiśira, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1076, col. 1; nāśana, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 538, col. 1 “destroying &c.”
2 printings differ

Edition differences. Another printing or text reads this place differently.

  • The printed edition reads: हिरण्यगर्भः शिशिरस्तपनो भास्करो रविः ॥
    अग्निगर्भोदितेः पुत्रः शङ्खः शिशिरनाशनः ॥     The avagraha is added in अग्निगर्भोऽदितेः ('Agnigarbha, the son of Aditi'), which the print leaves out; Govindaraja glosses 'अदितेः पुत्रः' (p. 403).
  • Word The 1888 Bombay printing reads: हिरण्यगर्भः शिशिरस्तपनोऽहस्करो रविः । अग्निगर्भो दितेः पुत्रः शङ्खः शिशिरनाशनः ॥ अहस्करः ('maker of day') for भास्करः; अग्निगर्भो दितेः printed as two words without the avagraha (the Tilaka reads अदितेः).

And he is Hiranyagarbha,1 Sicira,2 and Tapana,3 and Ahaskara4 and Ravi,5 and Agnigarbha,6 and Aditi's son,7 and Sankha,8 and Siciranāçana,9

  1. The cause of the creation, preservation and destruction of the Universe. ↩
  2. 'Good-natured.' ↩
  3. Tapa—means 'wealth.' Tapana—the possessor of all riches. ↩
  4. Ahas—day and Kara—maker. ↩
  5. Rauti—teacheth—Ravi—he that teacheth. ↩
  6. Lit. fire-wombed. He that carries the fire of doom within himself. ↩
  7. Aditi—'without destruction'—means 'Brahma knowledge.' ↩
  8. Supreme happiness. ↩
  9. The remover of intellectual stupor or evil-mindedness. ↩
English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1471, scan leaf n371). Shown verbatim.

Verse 13

व्योमनाथस्तमोभेदी ऋग्यजुःसामपारगः ॥घनवृष्टिरपां मित्रो विन्ध्यवीथी प्लवङ्गमः ॥

Vyomanathastamobhedi rigyajuhsamaparagahGhanavrishtirapam mitro vindhyavithi plavangamah

IAST

vyomanāthastamobhedī ṛgyajuḥsāmapāragaḥ ||ghanavṛṣṭirapāṃ mitro vindhyavīthī plavaṅgamaḥ ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation He is the lord of the sky and the breaker of darkness, master of the Rig, Yajur and Sama Vedas. He brings heavy rain and is the friend of the waters. He moves swiftly along his path by the Vindhya hills.

हिंदी अर्थ वे आकाश के स्वामी और अंधकार को भेदने वाले हैं, ऋग्वेद, यजुर्वेद और सामवेद के पारंगत हैं। वे घनी वर्षा कराते हैं और जल के मित्र हैं। वे विंध्य के मार्ग पर तेज़ी से चलते हैं।

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. व्योमनाथः vyomanāthaḥ · lord of the sky (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: 2. vyoman, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1041, col. 2 “heaven, sky, atmosphere, air”; nātha, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 534, col. 3 “a protector, patron, possessor, owner, lord”
  2. तमोभेदी tamobhedī · piercer of darkness (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: tamas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 438, col. 1 “darkness, gloom (also pl.)”; bhedin, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 766, col. 2 “breaking, splitting, piercing, perforating”
  3. ऋग्यजुःसामपारगः ṛgyajuḥsāmapāragaḥ · master of the Rig, Yajur and Sama (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: ṛg-yajuḥ-sāma-veda, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 225, col. 1 “the Ṛig-, Yajur-, and Sāma-vedas”; 2. ṛc, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 225, col. 1; yajus, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 839, col. 2 “N. of the Yajur-veda”; 3. sāman, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1205, col. 1 “a metrical hymn or song of praise”; pāra-ga, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 619, col. 2 “one who has gone through or accomplished or mastered, knowing thoroughly”
  4. घनवृष्टिः ghanavṛṣṭiḥ · rain from the clouds (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: ghana, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 376, col. 1 “a cloud”; vṛṣṭi, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1013, col. 1 “rain”
  5. अपाम् apām · of the waters (genitive plural) Dictionary: 2. ap, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 47, col. 3 “water”
  6. मित्रः mitraḥ · friend (nominative singular) Dictionary: 1. mitra, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 816, col. 1 “a friend, companion, associate”
  7. विन्ध्यवीथी vindhyavīthī · going on the Vindhya path (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: vindhya, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 972, col. 2 “N. of a low range of hills”; vīthī, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1005, col. 1 “a road, way, street”
  8. प्लवङ्गमः plavaṅgamaḥ · moving in leaps, swift (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: plava, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 715, col. 2 “jumping, leaping, plunging, going by leaps or plunges”; plavaṃ-gama, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 715, col. 2
2 printings differ

Edition differences. Another printing or text reads this place differently.

  • The printed edition reads: व्योमनाथस्तमोभेदी ऋग्यजुःसामपारगः ॥
    घनवृष्टिरपां-मित्रो विन्ध्यवीथी प्लवङ्गमः ॥     The hyphen printed inside अपां-मित्रो is written as a space (अपां मित्रो, 'friend of the waters').
  • Verse division The 1888 Bombay printing reads: व्योमनाथस्तमोभेदी ऋग्यजुःसामपारगः । घनवृष्टिरपां मित्रो विन्ध्यवीथीप्लवंगमः ॥ विन्ध्यवीथीप्लवंगमः as one compound. Govindaraja (p. 404) mentions the one-word reading too.

Byomanātha,1 and Tamabheda,2 the one proficient in Rik, Yajus and Sāma; and Ghanavrishti,3 and the friend of the Apas,4 and he that swiftly courseth in the Vindhya way.

  1. Lord of the welkin. ↩
  2. Dispeller of darkness. ↩
  3. He from whom floweth the fruit of acts: or he from whom come downpours. The latter epithet is justified on grounds of Physical Geography, rain being ultimately dependant on solar heat. ↩
  4. Apas may mean either 'the good,' or 'water.' Vindhya way mean either the way known as Brahmanāri or the orbit of the Sun. ↩
English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1471–1472, scan leaf n371–n372). Shown verbatim.

Verse 14

आतपी मण्डली मृत्युः पिङ्गलः सर्वतापनः ॥कविर्विश्वो महातेजा रक्तः सर्वभवोद्भवः ॥

Atapi mandali mrityuh pingalah sarvatapanahKavirvishvo mahateja raktah sarvabhavodbhavah

IAST

ātapī maṇḍalī mṛtyuḥ piṅgalaḥ sarvatāpanaḥ ||kavirviśvo mahātejā raktaḥ sarvabhavodbhavaḥ ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation He gives heat and has a round disc. He is death (the end of all things) and is tawny in colour. He heats all things. He is the wise seer, the whole universe, of great brilliance, red, and the source of all that comes into being.

हिंदी अर्थ वे ताप देने वाले हैं और मंडल (गोल बिंब) वाले हैं। वे मृत्यु (सबका अंत) हैं और पिंगल (भूरे-पीले) रंग के हैं। वे सबको तपाते हैं। वे कवि (ज्ञानी), विश्वरूप, महातेजस्वी, लाल रंग वाले और सब उत्पत्ति के मूल हैं।

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. आतपी ātapī · full of heat (nominative singular) Dictionary: ā-tapa, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 134, col. 2 “heat (especially of the sun), sunshine”
  2. मण्डली maṇḍalī · ringed, round (nominative singular) Dictionary: maṇḍalin, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 776, col. 1 “forming a circle or ring, surrounding, enclosing”
  3. मृत्युः mṛtyuḥ · death (nominative singular) Dictionary: mṛtyu, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 827, col. 3 “death, dying”
  4. पिङ्गलः piṅgalaḥ · tawny, golden (nominative singular) Dictionary: piṅgala, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 624, col. 3 “reddish-brown, tawny, yellow, gold-coloured”
  5. सर्वतापनः sarvatāpanaḥ · warming all (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: sarva, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1184, col. 3 “whole, entire, all, every”; tāpana, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 442, col. 3 “illuminating”
  6. कविः kaviḥ · the wise one (nominative singular) Dictionary: kavi, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 264, col. 2 “gifted with insight, intelligent, knowing, enlightened, wise”
  7. विश्वः viśvaḥ · the all (nominative singular) Dictionary: viśva, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 992, col. 2 “all, every, every one; whole, entire, universal”
  8. महातेजाः mahātejāḥ · of great splendour (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: mahā-tejas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 796, col. 1 “of great splendour, full of fire, of gr° majesty”
  9. रक्तः raktaḥ · red (nominative singular) Dictionary: rakta, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 861, col. 2 “reddened, red, crimson”
  10. सर्वभवोद्भवः sarvabhavodbhavaḥ · source of all that exists (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: sarva, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1184, col. 3 “whole, entire, all, every”; bhava, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 748, col. 3 “being, state of being, existence, life”; ud-bhava, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 190, col. 2 “existence, generation, origin, production, birth”

And he is Ātapi1 and Mandali2 and Mrityu.3 And he is Pingala,4 and the destroyer of everything, and the Omniscient, and he having the universe for his form,5 and the exceedingly energetic one, and the beloved of all, and that one lording it over all kinds of actions.

  1. He that is intent on creating the cosmos. ↩
  2. Ray-crowned or adorned with gems. ↩
  3. The bringer of death. ↩
  4. The motive force of the blood-tube called Pingalā. ↩
  5. Or the ornament of the Universe. ↩
English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1472, scan leaf n372). Shown verbatim.

Verse 15

नक्षत्रग्रहताराणामधिपो विश्वभावनः ॥तेजसामपि तेजस्वी द्वादशात्मन्नमोऽस्तु ते ॥

Nakshatragrahataranamadhipo vishvabhavanahTejasamapi tejasvi dvadashatmannamostu te

IAST

nakṣatragrahatārāṇāmadhipo viśvabhāvanaḥ ||tejasāmapi tejasvī dvādaśātmannamo’stu te ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation He is the lord of the constellations, the planets and the stars, and he sustains the universe. He is the brightest of all bright things. Agastya ends the list of names with a salutation to the Sun of twelve forms (one for each month).

हिंदी अर्थ वे नक्षत्रों, ग्रहों और तारों के स्वामी हैं और विश्व का पालन करते हैं। वे तेजस्वियों में भी सबसे तेजस्वी हैं। अगस्त्य नामों की सूची बारह रूपों वाले (हर महीने का एक रूप) सूर्य को नमस्कार करके पूरी करते हैं।

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. नक्षत्रग्रहताराणाम् nakṣatragrahatārāṇām · of constellations, planets and stars (compound, genitive plural) Dictionary: nakṣatra, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 524, col. 2 “a star or any heavenly body”; graha, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 372, col. 1 “a planet”; tāra, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 443, col. 3 “a fixed star, asterism”
  2. अधिपः adhipaḥ · ruler (nominative singular) Dictionary: adhi-pa, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 21, col. 2 “a ruler, commander, regent, king”
  3. विश्वभावनः viśvabhāvanaḥ · maker of the universe (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: viśva, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 992, col. 2 “all, every, every one; whole, entire, universal”; 2. bhāvana, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 755, col. 1 “causing to be, effecting, producing”
  4. तेजसाम् tejasām · of the bright ones (genitive plural) Dictionary: tejas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 454, col. 2 “glow, glare, splendour, brilliance, light, fire”
  5. अपि api · even (indeclinable) Dictionary: api, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 55, col. 1 “even, also, very”
  6. तेजस्वी tejasvī · most radiant (nominative singular) Dictionary: tejas-vin, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 454, col. 3 “brilliant, splendid, bright, powerful, energetic”
  7. द्वादशात्मन् dvādaśātman · you of twelve forms (compound, vocative singular) Dictionary: dvādaśātman, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 504, col. 1 “‘appearing in 12 forms,’ the sun (in each month)”
  8. नमः namaḥ · salutation (noun (neuter), nominative singular) Dictionary: namas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 528, col. 1 “bow, obeisance, reverential salutation, adoration”
  9. अस्तु astu · be (imperative, 3rd person singular) Dictionary: 1. as, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 117, col. 2 “to be, live, exist, be present”
  10. ते te · to you (pronoun, dative singular) Dictionary: 2. tva, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 463, col. 2 “base of the 2nd personal pron.”
2 printings differ

Edition differences. Another printing or text reads this place differently.

  • The printed edition reads: नक्षत्रग्रहताराणामधिपो विश्वभावनः ॥
    तेजसामपि तेजस्वी द्वादशात्मन्नमोस्तु ते ॥     The avagraha is added in नमोऽस्तु, which the print leaves out.
  • Spelling The 1888 Bombay printing reads: नक्षत्रग्रहताराणामधिपो विश्वभावनः । तेजसामपि तेजस्वी द्वादशात्मन्नमोऽस्तु ते ॥ The 1888 printing has the avagraha in नमोऽस्तु.

And he is the lord1 of stars and planets and constallations, and the origin of everything, and the one powerful pre-eminently of powerful things,2—and the one having twelve forms.3 I bow unto thee (having these forms and functions).

  1. i. e. the controller of them, remarks Rāmānuja. ↩
  2. Such as, observes the commentator, as fire. ↩
  3. i. e. the months of the year. ↩
English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1472, scan leaf n372). Shown verbatim.

Verse 16

नमः पूर्वाय गिरये पश्चिमायाद्रये नमः ॥ज्योतिर्गणानां पतये दिनाधिपतये नमः ॥

Namah purvaya giraye pashchimayadraye namahJyotirgananam pataye dinadhipataye namah

IAST

namaḥ pūrvāya giraye paścimāyādraye namaḥ ||jyotirgaṇānāṃ pataye dinādhipataye namaḥ ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation Salutation to the Sun on the eastern mountain, where he rises, and on the western mountain, where he sets. Salutation to the lord of the hosts of lights and the lord of the day.

हिंदी अर्थ पूर्व के पर्वत (जहाँ सूर्य उगते हैं) और पश्चिम के पर्वत (जहाँ वे अस्त होते हैं) पर स्थित सूर्य को नमस्कार। ज्योतिर्गणों के स्वामी और दिन के अधिपति को नमस्कार।

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. नमः namaḥ · salutation (noun (neuter), nominative singular) Dictionary: namas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 528, col. 1 “bow, obeisance, reverential salutation, adoration”
  2. पूर्वाय pūrvāya · to the eastern (dative singular) Dictionary: pūrva, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 643, col. 1 “eastern, to the east of”
  3. गिरये giraye · to the mountain (dative singular) Dictionary: 3. giri, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 355, col. 2 “a mountain, hill, rock, elevation, rising-ground”
  4. पश्चिमाय paścimāya · western (dative singular) Dictionary: paścima, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 612, col. 2 “west, western, westerly”
  5. अद्रये adraye · to the hill (dative singular) Dictionary: adri, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 19, col. 2 “a stone, a rock, a mountain”
  6. नमः namaḥ · salutation (noun (neuter), nominative singular) Dictionary: namas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 528, col. 1 “bow, obeisance, reverential salutation, adoration”
  7. ज्योतिर्गणानाम् jyotirgaṇānām · of the hosts of lights (compound, genitive plural) Dictionary: jyotir-gaṇa, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 427, col. 2 “the heavenly bodies collectively”; jyotis, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 427, col. 3
  8. पतये pataye · to the lord (dative singular) Dictionary: 1. pati, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 582, col. 1 “a master, owner, possessor, lord, ruler, sovereign”
  9. दिनाधिपतये dinādhipataye · to the lord of the day (compound, dative singular) Dictionary: 3. dina, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 478, col. 1 “a day”; adhi-pati, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 21, col. 2; adhi-pa, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 21, col. 2 “a ruler, commander, regent, king”
  10. नमः namaḥ · salutation (noun (neuter), nominative singular) Dictionary: namas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 528, col. 1 “bow, obeisance, reverential salutation, adoration”
2 printings differ

Edition differences. Another printing or text reads this place differently.

  • The printed edition reads: नमः पूर्वाय गिरये पश्चिमे गिरये नमः ॥
    ज्योतिर्गणानां पतये दिनाधिपतये नमः ॥
  • Word The 1913 Bombay printing reads: नमः पूर्वाय गिरये पश्चिमे गिरये नमः ॥ The base printing reads पश्चिमे गिरये ('to the western mountain', with a locative form; p. 405, leaf n422). Since 15 Oct 2026 the display shows पश्चिमायाद्रये ('to the western hill'), as the 1888 printing has it (p. 431, leaf n464, read on the page image) and as both present-day texts read (Gita Press booklet p. 19; sanskritdocuments.org).

Salutation unto the Eastern mount and the mount of the West. Salutation unto the lord of the stellar bodies and salutation also unto the lord of day.

English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1472, scan leaf n372). Shown verbatim.

Verse 17

जयाय जयभद्राय हर्यश्वाय नमोनमः ॥नमोनमः सहस्रांशो आदित्याय नमोनमः ॥

Jayaya jayabhadraya haryashvaya namonamahNamonamah sahasransho adityaya namonamah

IAST

jayāya jayabhadrāya haryaśvāya namonamaḥ ||namonamaḥ sahasrāṃśo ādityāya namonamaḥ ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation Salutation again and again to the one who is victory, to the good fortune that victory brings, and to the one with yellow horses. Salutation again and again to the Sun of a thousand rays, to Aditya.

हिंदी अर्थ जो स्वयं विजय हैं, जो विजय से मिलने वाला कल्याण हैं, और जिनके घोड़े पीले हैं, उन्हें बार-बार नमस्कार। हज़ार किरणों वाले सूर्य, आदित्य को बार-बार नमस्कार।

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. जयाय jayāya · to victory (dative singular) Dictionary: jaya, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 412, col. 3 “conquest, victory, triumph, winning, being victorious”
  2. जयभद्राय jayabhadrāya · to the blessing of victory (compound, dative singular) Dictionary: jaya, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 412, col. 3 “conquest, victory, triumph, winning, being victorious”; bhadra, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 745, col. 3 “blessed, auspicious, fortunate, prosperous, happy”
  3. हर्यश्वाय haryaśvāya · to the one with bay horses (compound, dative singular) Dictionary: hary-aśva, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1292, col. 1 “possessing bay horses”
  4. नमः namaḥ · salutation (noun (neuter), nominative singular) Dictionary: namas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 528, col. 1 “bow, obeisance, reverential salutation, adoration”
  5. नमः namaḥ · salutation (noun (neuter), nominative singular) Dictionary: namas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 528, col. 1 “bow, obeisance, reverential salutation, adoration”
  6. नमः namaḥ · salutation (noun (neuter), nominative singular) Dictionary: namas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 528, col. 1 “bow, obeisance, reverential salutation, adoration”
  7. नमः namaḥ · salutation (noun (neuter), nominative singular) Dictionary: namas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 528, col. 1 “bow, obeisance, reverential salutation, adoration”
  8. सहस्रांशो sahasrāṃśo · thousand-rayed one (compound, vocative singular) Dictionary: sahasrāṃśu, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1196, col. 2 “th°-rayed; m. the sun”
  9. आदित्याय ādityāya · to Aditya (dative singular) Dictionary: 1. āditya, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 137, col. 2 “‘son of Aditi’”
  10. नमः namaḥ · salutation (noun (neuter), nominative singular) Dictionary: namas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 528, col. 1 “bow, obeisance, reverential salutation, adoration”
  11. नमः namaḥ · salutation (noun (neuter), nominative singular) Dictionary: namas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 528, col. 1 “bow, obeisance, reverential salutation, adoration”
1 printing differs

Edition differences. Another printing or text reads this place differently.

  • Verse division The 1888 Bombay printing reads: जयाय जयभद्राय हर्यश्वाय नमो नमः । नमो नमः सहस्रांशो आदित्याय नमो नमः ॥ नमो नमः printed as two words.

Salutation and salutation unto him that bringeth victory, and the joy that springeth up from victory; and unto him of yellow steeds. Salutation, salutation, O thousand-rayed one! Salutation and salutation unto Āditya.

English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1472, scan leaf n372). Shown verbatim.

Verse 18

नम उग्राय वीराय सारङ्गाय नमोनमः ॥नमः पद्मप्रबोधाय मार्ताण्डाय नमोनमः ॥

Nama ugraya viraya sarangaya namonamahNamah padmaprabodhaya martandaya namonamah

IAST

nama ugrāya vīrāya sāraṅgāya namonamaḥ ||namaḥ padmaprabodhāya mārtāṇḍāya namonamaḥ ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation Salutation again and again to the fierce one, the hero, Saranga (the swift one). Salutation to the one who wakes the lotus to bloom, to Martanda.

हिंदी अर्थ उग्र, वीर और सारंग (तेज़ चलने वाले) सूर्य को बार-बार नमस्कार। कमल को खिलाने वाले मार्तण्ड को बार-बार नमस्कार।

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. नमः namaḥ · salutation (noun (neuter), nominative singular) Dictionary: namas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 528, col. 1 “bow, obeisance, reverential salutation, adoration”
  2. उग्राय ugrāya · to the fierce one (dative singular) Dictionary: ugra, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 172, col. 2 “powerful, violent, mighty, impetuous, strong”
  3. वीराय vīrāya · to the hero (dative singular) Dictionary: vīra, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1005, col. 2 “a man, (esp.) a brave or eminent man, hero, chief”
  4. सारङ्गाय sāraṅgāya · to the many-coloured one (dative singular) Dictionary: sāraṅga, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1208, col. 3 “of a variegated colour, dappled, spotted”
  5. नमः namaḥ · salutation (noun (neuter), nominative singular) Dictionary: namas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 528, col. 1 “bow, obeisance, reverential salutation, adoration”
  6. नमः namaḥ · salutation (noun (neuter), nominative singular) Dictionary: namas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 528, col. 1 “bow, obeisance, reverential salutation, adoration”
  7. नमः namaḥ · salutation (noun (neuter), nominative singular) Dictionary: namas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 528, col. 1 “bow, obeisance, reverential salutation, adoration”
  8. पद्मप्रबोधाय padmaprabodhāya · to the one who opens lotuses (compound, dative singular) Dictionary: padma, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 584, col. 2 “a lotus”; pra-bodha, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 683, col. 2 “opening, blowing (of flowers)”
  9. मार्ताण्डाय mārtāṇḍāya · to Martanda (dative singular) Dictionary: mārtāṇḍa, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 813, col. 2 “‘bird in the sky,’ the sun”
  10. नमः namaḥ · salutation (noun (neuter), nominative singular) Dictionary: namas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 528, col. 1 “bow, obeisance, reverential salutation, adoration”
  11. नमः namaḥ · salutation (noun (neuter), nominative singular) Dictionary: namas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 528, col. 1 “bow, obeisance, reverential salutation, adoration”
1 printing differs

Edition differences. Another printing or text reads this place differently.

  • Word The 1888 Bombay printing reads: नम उग्राय वीराय सारङ्गाय नमो नमः । नमः पद्मप्रबोधाय प्रचण्डाय नमोऽस्तु ते ॥ प्रचण्डाय नमोऽस्तु ते ('to the fierce one, salutation to you') for मार्ताण्डाय नमोनमः; नमो नमः as two words.

Salutation unto him that keepeth his senses under subjection; Salutation and salutation unto the Hero,1 and unto Sāranga2 and unto him that awakenest the Lotus.3 And (salutation) nnto thee, O fierce one.

  1. Him that leadeth the senses, and that is endowed with the prowess of slaying Tripurā etc. ↩
  2. Him that deservest the pranaba, the holiest formula in all Hindu Scripture. ↩
  3. That awakenest the external lotus as well as the lotus of the heart.— ↩
English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1472, scan leaf n372). Shown verbatim.

Verse 19

ब्रह्मेशानाच्युतेशाय सूर्यायादित्यवर्चसे ॥भास्वते सर्वभक्षाय रौद्राय वपुषे नमः ॥

Brahmeshanachyuteshaya suryayadityavarchaseBhasvate sarvabhakshaya raudraya vapushe namah

IAST

brahmeśānācyuteśāya sūryāyādityavarcase ||bhāsvate sarvabhakṣāya raudrāya vapuṣe namaḥ ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation Salutation to the lord of Brahma, Shiva (Ishana) and Vishnu (Achyuta), to Surya, whose brilliance is that of Aditya, to the shining one who consumes all, whose form is fierce (raudra).

हिंदी अर्थ ब्रह्मा, शिव (ईशान) और विष्णु (अच्युत) के स्वामी को नमस्कार; आदित्य के तेज वाले सूर्य को, सबको भस्म करने वाले प्रकाशमान को, रौद्र रूप वाले को नमस्कार।

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. ब्रह्मेशानाच्युतेशाय brahmeśānācyuteśāya · to the lord of Brahma, Shiva, Vishnu (compound, dative singular) Dictionary: brahman, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 738, col. 1 “Brahmā or the one impersonal universal Spirit manifested as a personal Creator”; īśāna, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 171, col. 1 “a ruler, master, one of the older names of Śiva-Rudra”; a-cyuta, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 9, col. 2 “not fallen; firm, solid; imperishable, permanent”; īśa, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 171, col. 1 “powerful, supreme; a ruler, master, lord”
  2. सूर्याय sūryāya · to Surya (dative singular) Dictionary: sūrya, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1243, col. 1 “the sun or its deity”
  3. आदित्यवर्चसे ādityavarcase · with the lustre of Aditya (compound, dative singular) Dictionary: 1. āditya, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 137, col. 2; varcas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 924, col. 1 “the illuminating power of fire or the sun, i.e. brilliance, lustre, light”
  4. भास्वते bhāsvate · to the shining one (dative singular) Dictionary: bhās-vat, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 756, col. 1 “luminous, splendid, shining; m. the sun”
  5. सर्वभक्षाय sarvabhakṣāya · to the all-consuming one (compound, dative singular) Dictionary: sarva-bhakṣa, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1186, col. 2 “eating or devouring everything, omnivorous”
  6. रौद्राय raudrāya · to the fierce, Rudra-like (dative singular) Dictionary: raudra, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 891, col. 1 “relating or belonging to or coming from Rudra or the Rudras, Rudra-like”
  7. वपुषे vapuṣe · to the embodied form (dative singular) Dictionary: vapus, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 920, col. 1 “n. form, figure, (esp.) a beautiful form or figure”
  8. नमः namaḥ · salutation (noun (neuter), nominative singular) Dictionary: namas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 528, col. 1 “bow, obeisance, reverential salutation, adoration”
1 printing differs

Edition differences. Another printing or text reads this place differently.

  • Word The 1888 Bombay printing reads: ब्रह्मेशानाच्युतेशाय सूरायादित्यवर्चसे । भास्वते सर्वभक्षाय रौद्राय वपुषे नमः ॥ सूराय for सूर्याय (both names of the Sun).

Salutation unto the Lord himself of Brahmā, Içāna1 and Achchyuta,2 and unto Sura3 and unto him that constitutes the knowledge of Āditya, and unto him that unfoldeth me and not-me; and unto the devourer of all, and unto the form of the destroyer of the darkness of ignorance.

  1. Siva. ↩
  2. Vishnu. ↩
  3. The sun. ↩
English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1472–1473, scan leaf n372–n373). Shown verbatim.

Verse 20

तमोघ्नाय हिमघ्नाय शत्रुघ्नायामितात्मने ॥कृतघ्नघ्नाय देवाय ज्योतिषां पतये नमः ॥

Tamoghnaya himaghnaya shatrughnayamitatmaneKritaghnaghnaya devaya jyotisham pataye namah

IAST

tamoghnāya himaghnāya śatrughnāyāmitātmane ||kṛtaghnaghnāya devāya jyotiṣāṃ pataye namaḥ ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation Salutation to the one who destroys darkness, who ends the cold, who destroys enemies, whose self has no measure; to the one who destroys the ungrateful, to the god, the lord of all lights.

हिंदी अर्थ अंधकार का नाश करने वाले, शीत को मिटाने वाले, शत्रुओं का नाश करने वाले, अपरिमित आत्मा वाले को नमस्कार; कृतघ्नों का नाश करने वाले देव को, ज्योतियों के स्वामी को नमस्कार।

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. तमोघ्नाय tamoghnāya · to the destroyer of darkness (compound, dative singular) Dictionary: tamo-ghna, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 438, col. 2 “‘destroying darkness,’ the sun”
  2. हिमघ्नाय himaghnāya · to the dispeller of cold (compound, dative singular) Dictionary: hima-ghna, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1299, col. 1 “keeping off snow”
  3. शत्रुघ्नाय śatrughnāya · to the destroyer of enemies (compound, dative singular) Dictionary: śatru-ghna, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1051, col. 2 “foe-killing, destroying enemies”
  4. अमितात्मने amitātmane · to the one of boundless self (compound, dative singular) Dictionary: amitātman, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 81, col. 3 “of an immense mind”; 2. a-mita, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 81, col. 3 “unmeasured, boundless, infinite”
  5. कृतघ्नघ्नाय kṛtaghnaghnāya · to the destroyer of the ungrateful (compound, dative singular) Dictionary: kṛta-ghna, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 302, col. 1 “unmindful of (services) rendered, ungrateful”; ghna, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 379, col. 3 “killing, killer, murderer; destroying; removing”
  6. देवाय devāya · to the god (dative singular) Dictionary: deva, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 492, col. 2 “a deity, god”
  7. ज्योतिषाम् jyotiṣām · of the lights (genitive plural) Dictionary: jyotis, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 427, col. 3 “pl. the heavenly bodies, planets and stars”
  8. पतये pataye · to the lord (dative singular) Dictionary: 1. pati, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 582, col. 1 “a master, owner, possessor, lord, ruler, sovereign”
  9. नमः namaḥ · salutation (noun (neuter), nominative singular) Dictionary: namas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 528, col. 1 “bow, obeisance, reverential salutation, adoration”

Salutation unto the destroyer of darkness, and unto the destroyer of enemies, and unto him of immeasurable Soul, and unto the destroyer of the ingrate, and unto the deity, and unto the lord of all stellar bodies.

English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1473, scan leaf n373). Shown verbatim.

Verse 21

तप्तचामीकराभाय वह्नये विश्वकर्मणे ॥नमस्तमोभिनिघ्नाय रुचये लोकसाक्षिणे ॥

Taptachamikarabhaya vahnaye vishvakarmaneNamastamobhinighnaya ruchaye lokasakshine

IAST

taptacāmīkarābhāya vahnaye viśvakarmaṇe ||namastamobhinighnāya rucaye lokasākṣiṇe ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation Salutation to the one who shines like molten gold, who is fire, who is the maker of all; salutation to the one who strikes away darkness, to the radiant one, the witness of the worlds.

हिंदी अर्थ तपे हुए सोने जैसी आभा वाले, अग्नि-रूप, विश्व के रचयिता को नमस्कार; अंधकार को नष्ट करने वाले, कांतिमान, लोकों के साक्षी को नमस्कार।

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. तप्तचामीकराभाय taptacāmīkarābhāya · shining like molten gold (compound, dative singular) Dictionary: tapta, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 437, col. 3 “heated, inflamed, hot, made red-hot, refined (gold &c.), fused, melted, molten”; cāmīkara, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 393, col. 1 “gold”; 2. ā-bhā, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 145, col. 1 “(mfn.) ifc. like, resembling, appearing”
  2. वह्नये vahnaye · to the fire (dative singular) Dictionary: vahni, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 933, col. 3 “the conveyer or bearer of oblations to the gods”
  3. विश्वकर्मणे viśvakarmaṇe · to the maker of all (compound, dative singular) Dictionary: viśva-karman, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 994, col. 2 “accomplishing or creating everything”
  4. नमः namaḥ · salutation (noun (neuter), nominative singular) Dictionary: namas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 528, col. 1 “bow, obeisance, reverential salutation, adoration”
  5. तमोभिनिघ्नाय tamobhinighnāya · to the one who strikes down darkness (compound, dative singular) Dictionary: tamas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 438, col. 1 “darkness, gloom (also pl.)”; abhi-ni-han, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 64, col. 3 “to beat, strike”
  6. रुचये rucaye · to the radiance (dative singular) Dictionary: ruci, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 882, col. 2 “light, lustre, splendour, beauty”
  7. लोकसाक्षिणे lokasākṣiṇe · to the witness of the world (compound, dative singular) Dictionary: loka-sākṣin, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 907, col. 1 “witness of the world, universal witness”
1 printing differs

Edition differences. Another printing or text reads this place differently.

  • Word The 1888 Bombay printing reads: तप्तचामीकराभाय हरये विश्वकर्मणे । नमस्तमोभिनिघ्नाय रुचये लोकसाक्षिणे ॥ हरये ('to Hari') for वह्नये ('to fire').

And salutation unto him that boasteth of the splendour of burning gold, unto the destroyer of all mental obscurity,—and unto the maker of the universe. Salutation unto the remover of darkness; unto the illuminator of the Soul; unto the all-beholding one of all the worlds.

English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1473, scan leaf n373). Shown verbatim.

Verse 22

नाशयत्येष वै भूतं तदेव सृजति प्रभुः ॥पायत्येष तपत्येष वर्षत्येष गभस्तिभिः ॥

Nashayatyesha vai bhutam tadeva srijati prabhuhPayatyesha tapatyesha varshatyesha gabhastibhih

IAST

nāśayatyeṣa vai bhūtaṃ tadeva sṛjati prabhuḥ ||pāyatyeṣa tapatyeṣa varṣatyeṣa gabhastibhiḥ ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation This lord destroys what has come into being and creates it again. With his rays he dries up the waters, gives heat and sends rain.

हिंदी अर्थ यही प्रभु प्राणियों का नाश करते हैं और उन्हें फिर से रचते हैं। अपनी किरणों से वे जल सोखते हैं, तपाते हैं और वर्षा करते हैं।

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. नाशयति nāśayati · destroys (causative present, 3rd person singular) Dictionary: 2. naś, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 532, col. 1 “to cause to be lost or disappear, drive away, expel, remove, destroy”
  2. एषः eṣaḥ · he (pronoun, nominative singular) Dictionary: etad, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 231, col. 2 “this, this here, here”
  3. वै vai · truly (indeclinable) Dictionary: 2. vai, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1019, col. 3 “a particle of emphasis and affirmation”
  4. भूतम् bhūtam · what has come to be (accusative singular) Dictionary: bhūta, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 761, col. 3 “that which is or exists, any living being (divine, human, animal, and even vegetable)”
  5. तत् tat · that (pronoun, accusative singular) Dictionary: tad, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 434, col. 1 “m. he, f. she, n. it, that, this”
  6. एव eva · itself (indeclinable) Dictionary: 1. eva, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 232, col. 2 “so, just so, exactly so; indeed, truly, really”
  7. सृजति sṛjati · creates (present, 3rd person singular) Dictionary: 1. sṛj, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1245, col. 2 “to emit from one's self, i.e. create, procreate, produce, beget”
  8. प्रभुः prabhuḥ · the lord (nominative singular) Dictionary: pra-bhu, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 684, col. 3 “excelling, mighty, powerful, rich, abundant”
  9. पायति pāyati · dries up (present, 3rd person singular) Dictionary: pai, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 649, col. 1 “to dry, wither”
  10. एषः eṣaḥ · he (pronoun, nominative singular) Dictionary: etad, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 231, col. 2 “this, this here, here”
  11. तपति tapati · gives heat (present, 3rd person singular) Dictionary: 2. tap, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 436, col. 3 “to give out heat, be hot, shine (as the sun)”
  12. एषः eṣaḥ · he (pronoun, nominative singular) Dictionary: etad, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 231, col. 2 “this, this here, here”
  13. वर्षति varṣati · sends rain (present, 3rd person singular) Dictionary: vṛṣ, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1011, col. 3 “to rain”
  14. एषः eṣaḥ · he (pronoun, nominative singular) Dictionary: etad, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 231, col. 2 “this, this here, here”
  15. गभस्तिभिः gabhastibhiḥ · with his rays (instrumental plural) Dictionary: gabhasti, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 346, col. 2 “a ray of light, sunbeam”
1 printing differs

Edition differences. Another printing or text reads this place differently.

  • Word The 1888 Bombay printing reads: नाशयत्येष वै भूतं तमेव सृजति प्रभुः । पायत्येष तपत्येष वर्षत्येष गभस्तिभिः ॥ तमेव for तदेव (the same meaning: 'that very one').

The lord createth everything and verily destroyeth it. And with his rays he sucketh up, and destroyeth and createth (everything).

English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1473, scan leaf n373). Shown verbatim.

Verse 23

एष सुप्तेषु जागर्ति भूतेषु परिनिष्ठितः ॥एष एवाग्निहोत्रं च फलं चैवाग्निहोत्रिणाम् ॥

Esha supteshu jagarti bhuteshu parinishthitahEsha evagnihotram cha phalam chaivagnihotrinam

IAST

eṣa supteṣu jāgarti bhūteṣu pariniṣṭhitaḥ ||eṣa evāgnihotraṃ ca phalaṃ caivāgnihotriṇām ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation He stays awake while all beings sleep, and he dwells within them. He is the agnihotra (the daily fire offering) and also its fruit for those who offer it.

हिंदी अर्थ जब सब सोते हैं, तब वे जागते हैं, और सब प्राणियों के भीतर स्थित हैं। वे ही अग्निहोत्र (रोज़ की अग्नि-आहुति) हैं और अग्निहोत्र करने वालों का फल भी हैं।

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. एषः eṣaḥ · he (pronoun, nominative singular) Dictionary: etad, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 231, col. 2 “this, this here, here”
  2. सुप्तेषु supteṣu · among those asleep (past participle, locative plural) Dictionary: supta, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1230, col. 1 “fallen asleep, slept, sleeping, asleep”
  3. जागर्ति jāgarti · is awake (present, 3rd person singular) Dictionary: jāgṛ, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 417, col. 1 “to be awake or watchful”
  4. भूतेषु bhūteṣu · in beings (locative plural) Dictionary: bhūta, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 761, col. 3 “that which is or exists, any living being (divine, human, animal, and even vegetable)”
  5. परिनिष्ठितः pariniṣṭhitaḥ · dwelling within (past participle, nominative singular) Dictionary: pari-niṣṭhita, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 596, col. 3 “being in (loc.)”
  6. एषः eṣaḥ · he (pronoun, nominative singular) Dictionary: etad, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 231, col. 2 “this, this here, here”
  7. एव eva · himself (indeclinable) Dictionary: 1. eva, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 232, col. 2 “so, just so, exactly so; indeed, truly, really”
  8. अग्निहोत्रम् agnihotram · the Agnihotra fire rite (nominative singular) Dictionary: 2. agni-hotra, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 6, col. 1 “oblation to Agni”
  9. च ca · and (indeclinable) Dictionary: 2. ca, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 380, col. 1 “and, both, also, moreover, as well as”
  10. फलम् phalam · the fruit (nominative singular) Dictionary: phala, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 716, col. 2 “fruit (met.), consequence, effect, result, retribution (good or bad)”
  11. च ca · and (indeclinable) Dictionary: 2. ca, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 380, col. 1 “and, both, also, moreover, as well as”
  12. एव eva · also (indeclinable) Dictionary: 1. eva, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 232, col. 2 “so, just so, exactly so; indeed, truly, really”
  13. अग्निहोत्रिणाम् agnihotriṇām · of those who keep the fire (genitive plural) Dictionary: agni-hotrin, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 6, col. 1 “practising the Agnihotra, maintaining the sacrificial fire”
1 printing differs

Edition differences. Another printing or text reads this place differently.

  • Word The 1888 Bombay printing reads: एष सुप्तेषु जागर्ति भूतेषु परिनिष्ठितः । एष चैवाग्निहोत्रं च फलं चैवाग्निहोत्रिणाम् ॥ चैव for एव.

When all are asleep, this one waketh, and he is resident in the hearts of all creatures. This one is both Agnihotra as well as the fruit reaped by the sacrifices thereof.

English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1473, scan leaf n373). Shown verbatim.

Verse 24

वेदाश्च क्रतवश्चैव क्रतूनां फलमेव च ॥यानि कृत्यानि लोकेषु सर्व एष रविः प्रभुः ॥

Vedashcha kratavashchaiva kratunam phalameva chaYani krityani lokeshu sarva esha ravih prabhuh

IAST

vedāśca kratavaścaiva kratūnāṃ phalameva ca ||yāni kṛtyāni lokeṣu sarva eṣa raviḥ prabhuḥ ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation The Sun, the lord, is the Vedas, the sacrifices and the fruit of the sacrifices, and all the actions done in the worlds.

हिंदी अर्थ वेद, यज्ञ और यज्ञों का फल, और लोकों में होने वाले सब कर्म, ये सब यही प्रभु सूर्य हैं।

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. वेदाः vedāḥ · the Vedas (nominative plural) Dictionary: 1. veda, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1015, col. 1 “N. of certain celebrated works”
  2. च ca · and (indeclinable) Dictionary: 2. ca, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 380, col. 1 “and, both, also, moreover, as well as”
  3. क्रतवः kratavaḥ · the sacrifices (nominative plural) Dictionary: kratu, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 319, col. 1 “a sacrificial rite or ceremony, sacrifice”
  4. च ca · and (indeclinable) Dictionary: 2. ca, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 380, col. 1 “and, both, also, moreover, as well as”
  5. एव eva · also (indeclinable) Dictionary: 1. eva, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 232, col. 2 “so, just so, exactly so; indeed, truly, really”
  6. क्रतूनाम् kratūnām · of the sacrifices (genitive plural) Dictionary: kratu, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 319, col. 1 “a sacrificial rite or ceremony, sacrifice”
  7. फलम् phalam · the fruit (nominative singular) Dictionary: phala, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 716, col. 2 “fruit (met.), consequence, effect, result, retribution (good or bad)”
  8. एव eva · also (indeclinable) Dictionary: 1. eva, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 232, col. 2 “so, just so, exactly so; indeed, truly, really”
  9. च ca · and (indeclinable) Dictionary: 2. ca, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 380, col. 1 “and, both, also, moreover, as well as”
  10. यानि yāni · which (relative pronoun, neuter nominative plural) Dictionary: yad, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 844, col. 2 “who, which, what, whichever, whatever, that”
  11. कृत्यानि kṛtyāni · actions, duties (noun (neuter), nominative plural) Dictionary: kṛtya, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 303, col. 3 “what ought to be done, what is proper or fit, duty, office; action, business, performance”
  12. लोकेषु lokeṣu · in the worlds (locative plural) Dictionary: loka, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 906, col. 1 “the wide space or world”
  13. सर्वः sarvaḥ · all (nominative singular) Dictionary: sarva, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1184, col. 3 “whole, entire, all, every”
  14. एषः eṣaḥ · he (pronoun, nominative singular) Dictionary: etad, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 231, col. 2 “this, this here, here”
  15. रविः raviḥ · the Sun (nominative singular) Dictionary: ravi, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 869, col. 1 “the sun (in general) or the sun-god”
  16. प्रभुः prabhuḥ · the lord (nominative singular) Dictionary: pra-bhu, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 684, col. 3 “excelling, mighty, powerful, rich, abundant”
1 printing differs

Edition differences. Another printing or text reads this place differently.

  • Word The 1888 Bombay printing reads: देवाश्च क्रतवश्चैव क्रतूनां फलमेव च । यानि कृत्यानि लोकेषु सर्वेषु परमप्रभुः ॥ देवाश्च ('the gods') for वेदाश्च ('the Vedas'); सर्वेषु परमप्रभुः ('in all [the worlds], the supreme lord') for सर्व एष रविः प्रभुः.

And he constitutes the gods and the sacrifices and the fruit also thereof; and he is the lord of all acts that are performed by creatures.

English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1473, scan leaf n373). Shown verbatim.

Verse 25

एनमापत्सु कृच्छ्रेषु कान्तारेषु भयेषु च ॥कीर्तयन्पुरुषः कश्चिन्नावसीदति राघव ॥

Enamapatsu krichchhreshu kantareshu bhayeshu chaKirtayanpurushah kashchinnavasidati raghava

IAST

enamāpatsu kṛcchreṣu kāntāreṣu bhayeṣu ca ||kīrtayanpuruṣaḥ kaścinnāvasīdati rāghava ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation Agastya tells Rama that whoever praises the Sun with this hymn in times of trouble or hardship, in a wild place or when afraid, does not lose heart. The text says this as its own promise.

हिंदी अर्थ अगस्त्य राम से कहते हैं कि जो कोई संकट में, कठिनाई में, सुनसान वन में या भय के समय इस स्तोत्र से सूर्य का कीर्तन करता है, वह दुखी होकर हिम्मत नहीं हारता। पाठ इसे अपने वचन के रूप में कहता है।

The text’s own words about its benefits, not a promise from Pujadeep.

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. एनम् enam · him (pronoun, accusative singular) Dictionary: 1. ena, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 232, col. 1 “he, she, it; this, that”
  2. आपत्सु āpatsu · in troubles (locative plural) Dictionary: 2. āpad, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 142, col. 3 “calamity, distress”
  3. कृच्छ्रेषु kṛcchreṣu · in hardships (locative plural) Dictionary: kṛcchra, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 304, col. 2 “difficulty, trouble, labour, hardship, calamity, pain, danger”
  4. कान्तारेषु kāntāreṣu · in wild forests (locative plural) Dictionary: kāntāra, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 271, col. 1 “a large wood, forest, wilderness, waste”
  5. भयेषु bhayeṣu · in dangers (locative plural) Dictionary: bhaya, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 747, col. 1 “fear, alarm, dread, apprehension”
  6. च ca · and (indeclinable) Dictionary: 2. ca, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 380, col. 1 “and, both, also, moreover, as well as”
  7. कीर्तयन् kīrtayan · reciting (present participle, nominative singular) Dictionary: kīrt, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 285, col. 1 “to mention, make mention of, tell, name, call, recite, repeat”
  8. पुरुषः puruṣaḥ · a person (nominative singular) Dictionary: puruṣa, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 637, col. 1 “a man, male, human being (pl. people, mankind)”
  9. कश्चित् kaścit · any (pronoun, nominative singular) Dictionary: 2. ka, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 240, col. 3 “kaścid, any one”
  10. न na · not (indeclinable) Dictionary: 2. na, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 523, col. 1 “not, no, nor, neither”
  11. अवसीदति avasīdati · loses heart (present, 3rd person singular) Dictionary: ava-sad, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 104, col. 3 “to sink down, faint, grow lean”
  12. राघव rāghava · Raghava (vocative singular) Dictionary: rāghava, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 872, col. 2 “a descendant of Raghu”

If a person recites this (hymn), he, O Rāghava, doth not come by misfortune, when he is in peril of his life, or is ill, or in a lonely place, or in fear.

English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1473, scan leaf n373). Shown verbatim.

Verse 26

पूजयस्वैनमेकाग्रो देवदेवं जगत्पतिम् ॥एतत्रिगुणितं जप्त्वा युद्धेषु विजयिष्यसि ॥

Pujayasvainamekagro devadevam jagatpatimEtatrigunitam japtva yuddheshu vijayishyasi

IAST

pūjayasvainamekāgro devadevaṃ jagatpatim ||etatriguṇitaṃ japtvā yuddheṣu vijayiṣyasi ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation Agastya asks Rama to worship the god of gods, the lord of the world, with a steady mind. The text says that if Rama recites the hymn three times, he will win in battle.

हिंदी अर्थ अगस्त्य राम से कहते हैं कि एकाग्र मन से देवों के देव, जगत के स्वामी की पूजा करो। पाठ कहता है कि इस स्तोत्र का तीन बार जप करके राम युद्धों में विजयी होंगे।

The text’s own words about its benefits, not a promise from Pujadeep.

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. पूजयस्व pūjayasva · worship (imperative (middle), 2nd person singular) Dictionary: pūj, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 641, col. 1 “to honour, worship, revere, respect, regard”
  2. एनम् enam · him (pronoun, accusative singular) Dictionary: 1. ena, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 232, col. 1 “he, she, it; this, that”
  3. एकाग्रः ekāgraḥ · with a one-pointed mind (nominative singular) Dictionary: ekāgra, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 230, col. 1 “one-pointed, having one point, fixing one's attention upon one point or object, closely attentive”
  4. देवदेवम् devadevam · the god of gods (compound, accusative singular) Dictionary: deva-deva, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 493, col. 2 “'the god of gods'”
  5. जगत्पतिम् jagatpatim · the lord of the world (compound, accusative singular) Dictionary: jagat-pati, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 408, col. 1 “the lord of the world”
  6. एतत् etat · this (pronoun, accusative singular) Dictionary: etad, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 231, col. 2 “this, this here, here”
  7. त्रिगुणितम् triguṇitam · three times over (compound, accusative singular) Dictionary: tri, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 457, col. 3; guṇita, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 358, col. 2 “multiplied (with instr. or in comp.)”
  8. जप्त्वा japtvā · having recited (absolutive: having done) Dictionary: jap, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 411, col. 3 “to utter in a low voice, whisper, mutter (esp. prayers or incantations)”
  9. युद्धेषु yuddheṣu · in battles (locative plural) Dictionary: yuddha, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 854, col. 3 “battle, fight, war”
  10. विजयिष्यसि vijayiṣyasi · you will win (future, 2nd person singular) Dictionary: vi-ji, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 960, col. 1 “to conquer, win or acquire by conquest”
1 printing differs

Edition differences. Another printing or text reads this place differently.

  • Word The 1888 Bombay printing reads: पूजयस्वैनमेकाग्रो देवदेवं जगत्पतिम् । एतत्रिगुणितं जप्त्वा युद्धेषु विजयिष्यति ॥ विजयिष्यति ('he will win') for विजयिष्यसि ('you will win'). Both printings write एतत्रिगुणितं with one त (for एतत्त्रिगुणितं).

Do thou, with concentration, worship this god of gods, this lord of the universe. By reciting (this hymn) instinct with the three virtues, thou wilt obtain victory in battle.

English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1473, scan leaf n373). Shown verbatim.

Verse 27

अस्मिन्क्षणे महाबाहो रावणं त्वं वधिष्यसि ॥एवमुक्त्वा तदाऽगस्त्यो जगाम च यथागतम् ॥

Asminkshane mahabaho ravanam tvam vadhishyasiEvamuktva tadagastyo jagama cha yathagatam

IAST

asminkṣaṇe mahābāho rāvaṇaṃ tvaṃ vadhiṣyasi ||evamuktvā tadā’gastyo jagāma ca yathāgatam ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation In the story, Agastya tells Rama that he will slay Ravana in this very hour. Then Agastya goes back the way he came.

हिंदी अर्थ कथा में अगस्त्य राम से कहते हैं कि इसी क्षण तुम रावण का वध करोगे। यह कहकर अगस्त्य जैसे आए थे, वैसे ही चले जाते हैं।

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. अस्मिन् asmin · in this (pronoun, locative singular) Dictionary: 1. idam, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 165, col. 2 “this, this here, referring to something near the speaker”
  2. क्षणे kṣaṇe · moment (locative singular) Dictionary: 1. kṣaṇa, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 324, col. 3 “any instantaneous point of time, instant, twinkling of an eye, moment”
  3. महाबाहो mahābāho · mighty-armed one (compound, vocative singular) Dictionary: mahā-bāhu, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 798, col. 1 “long-armed”
  4. रावणम् rāvaṇam · Ravana (accusative singular) Dictionary: rāvaṇa, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 879, col. 1 “N. of the ruler of Laṅkā or Ceylon”
  5. त्वम् tvam · you (pronoun, nominative singular) Dictionary: 2. tva, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 463, col. 2 “base of the 2nd personal pron.”
  6. वधिष्यसि vadhiṣyasi · will slay (future, 2nd person singular) Dictionary: vadh, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 916, col. 3 “to strike, slay, kill, murder, defeat, destroy”
  7. एवम् evam · thus (indeclinable) Dictionary: evam, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 232, col. 2 “thus, in this way, in such a manner”
  8. उक्त्वा uktvā · having spoken (absolutive: having done) Dictionary: vac, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 912, col. 1 “to speak, say, tell, utter, announce”
  9. तदा tadā · then (indeclinable) Dictionary: tadā, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 434, col. 3 “at that time, then, in that case”
  10. अगस्त्यः agastyaḥ · Agastya (nominative singular) Dictionary: agastya, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 4, col. 3; agasti, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 4, col. 3 “N. of a Ṛishi”
  11. जगाम jagāma · went (past (perfect), 3rd person singular) Dictionary: 1. gam, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 347, col. 1 “to go, move, go away, set out, come”
  12. च ca · and (indeclinable) Dictionary: 2. ca, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 380, col. 1 “and, both, also, moreover, as well as”
  13. यथागतम् yathāgatam · the way he came (adverb) Dictionary: 2. yathā-gata, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 841, col. 3 “as come, by the way one came”
1 printing differs

Edition differences. Another printing or text reads this place differently.

  • Word The 1888 Bombay printing reads: अस्मिन्क्षणे महाबाहो रावणं त्वं जहिष्यसि । एवमुक्त्वा ततोऽगस्त्यो जगाम स यथागतम् ॥ जहिष्यसि ('you will strike down') for वधिष्यसि; ततोऽगस्त्यो … स for तदाऽगस्त्यो … च.

This very instant, O mighty-armed one, thou wilt conquer Rāvana." Having said this, Agastya went whither from he had come.

English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1473, scan leaf n373). Shown verbatim.

Verse 28

एतच्छ्रुत्वा महातेजा नष्टशोकोऽभवत्तदा ॥धारयामास सुप्रीतो राघवः प्रयतात्मवान् ॥

Etachchhrutva mahateja nashtashokobhavattadaDharayamasa suprito raghavah prayatatmavan

IAST

etacchrutvā mahātejā naṣṭaśoko’bhavattadā ||dhārayāmāsa suprīto rāghavaḥ prayatātmavān ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation When he heard this, the radiant Rama was free of his sorrow. Glad and with a controlled mind, he took the hymn to heart.

हिंदी अर्थ यह सुनकर तेजस्वी राम का शोक दूर हो गया। प्रसन्न होकर, मन को संयम में रखकर उन्होंने स्तोत्र को मन में धारण किया।

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. एतत् etat · this (pronoun, accusative singular) Dictionary: etad, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 231, col. 2 “this, this here, here”
  2. श्रुत्वा śrutvā · having heard (absolutive: having done) Dictionary: 1. śru, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1100, col. 3 “to hear, listen or attend to anything”
  3. महातेजाः mahātejāḥ · the one of great splendour (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: mahā-tejas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 796, col. 1 “of great splendour, full of fire, of gr° majesty”
  4. नष्टशोकः naṣṭaśokaḥ · free of grief (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: naṣṭa, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 532, col. 1 “lost, disappeared, perished, destroyed”; śoka, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1091, col. 1 “sorrow, affliction, anguish, pain, trouble, grief”
  5. अभवत् abhavat · became (past (imperfect), 3rd person singular) Dictionary: 1. bhū, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 760, col. 2 “to become, be”
  6. तदा tadā · then (indeclinable) Dictionary: tadā, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 434, col. 3 “at that time, then, in that case”
  7. धारयामास dhārayāmāsa · kept it in mind (periphrastic perfect (causative), 3rd person singular) Dictionary: dhṛ, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 519, col. 1 “(with or scil. manasā) to bear in mind, recollect, remember”
  8. सुप्रीतः suprītaḥ · well pleased (nominative singular) Dictionary: su-prīta, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1229, col. 1 “very delighted, well pleased with (loc.)”
  9. राघवः rāghavaḥ · Raghava (nominative singular) Dictionary: rāghava, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 872, col. 2 “a descendant of Raghu”
  10. प्रयतात्मवान् prayatātmavān · self-controlled (nominative singular) Dictionary: pra-yatātma-vat, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 687, col. 3; pra-yata, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 687, col. 3 “self-subdued, dutiful, careful, prudent”

Hearing this, that exceedingly energetic one had his grief gone. Then, well pleased, Rāghava, exerting himself, contemplated (the hymn).

English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1473, scan leaf n373). Shown verbatim.

Verse 29

आदित्यं प्रेक्ष्य जप्त्वा तु परं हर्षमवाप्तवान् ॥त्रिराचम्य शुचिर्भूत्वा धनुरादाय वीर्यवान् ॥

Adityam prekshya japtva tu param harshamavaptavanTrirachamya shuchirbhutva dhanuradaya viryavan

IAST

ādityaṃ prekṣya japtvā tu paraṃ harṣamavāptavān ||trirācamya śucirbhūtvā dhanurādāya vīryavān ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation Looking at the Sun, he recited the hymn and felt great joy. He sipped water three times (achamana), became pure, and the mighty one took up his bow.

हिंदी अर्थ सूर्य की ओर देखकर उन्होंने जप किया और बहुत प्रसन्न हुए। तीन बार आचमन करके, पवित्र होकर, पराक्रमी राम ने धनुष उठाया।

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. आदित्यम् ādityam · the Sun (accusative singular) Dictionary: 1. āditya, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 137, col. 2 “‘son of Aditi’”
  2. प्रेक्ष्य prekṣya · looking at (absolutive: having done) Dictionary: prekṣ, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 712, col. 1 “to look at, view, behold, observe”
  3. जप्त्वा japtvā · having recited (absolutive: having done) Dictionary: jap, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 411, col. 3 “to utter in a low voice, whisper, mutter (esp. prayers or incantations)”
  4. तु tu · then (indeclinable) Dictionary: 2. tu, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 449, col. 3 “pray! I beg, do, now, then”
  5. परम् param · supreme (accusative singular) Dictionary: 1. para, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 586, col. 1 “highest, supreme, chief”
  6. हर्षम् harṣam · joy (accusative singular) Dictionary: harṣa, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1292, col. 2 “joy, pleasure”
  7. अवाप्तवान् avāptavān · gained (past active participle, nominative singular) Dictionary: avāp, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 107, col. 1 “to reach, attain, obtain, gain, get”
  8. त्रिः triḥ · three times (indeclinable) Dictionary: tris, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 461, col. 3 “thrice, 3 times”
  9. आचम्य ācamya · having sipped water (absolutive: having done) Dictionary: ā-cam, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 131, col. 2 “to sip (water) from the palm of the hand for purification”
  10. शुचिः śuciḥ · pure (nominative singular) Dictionary: śuci, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1081, col. 1 “pure (in a ceremonial sense)”
  11. भूत्वा bhūtvā · having become (absolutive: having done) Dictionary: 1. bhū, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 760, col. 2 “to become, be”
  12. धनुः dhanuḥ · the bow (accusative singular) Dictionary: dhanus, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 509, col. 2 “a bow”
  13. आदाय ādāya · taking up (absolutive: having done) Dictionary: ā-dā, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 136, col. 3 “'to give to one's self,' take, accept, receive”
  14. वीर्यवान् vīryavān · the mighty one (nominative singular) Dictionary: vīrya-vat, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1006, col. 3 “possessing vigour or might, strong, powerful”
1 printing differs

Edition differences. Another printing or text reads this place differently.

  • Word The 1888 Bombay printing reads: आदित्यं प्रेक्ष्य जप्त्वेदं परं हर्षमवाप्तवान् । त्रिराचम्य शुचिर्भूत्वा धनुरादाय वीर्यवान् ॥ जप्त्वेदं ('having recited this') for जप्त्वा तु.

And reciting this, he beholding the Sun, attained excess of joy. And sipping water again and again, and becoming purified, that powerful one, taking up his bow,

English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1473, scan leaf n373). Shown verbatim.

Verse 30

रावणं प्रेक्ष्य हृष्टात्मा युद्धाय समुपागमत् ॥सर्वयत्नेन महता वधे तस्य धृतोऽभवत् ॥

Ravanam prekshya hrishtatma yuddhaya samupagamatSarvayatnena mahata vadhe tasya dhritobhavat

IAST

rāvaṇaṃ prekṣya hṛṣṭātmā yuddhāya samupāgamat ||sarvayatnena mahatā vadhe tasya dhṛto’bhavat ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation Seeing Ravana, Rama came forward to fight with a glad heart. With all his strength he set his mind on slaying Ravana.

हिंदी अर्थ रावण को देखकर राम प्रसन्न मन से युद्ध के लिए आगे बढ़े। पूरे यत्न से उन्होंने रावण के वध का निश्चय किया।

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. रावणम् rāvaṇam · Ravana (accusative singular) Dictionary: rāvaṇa, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 879, col. 1 “N. of the ruler of Laṅkā or Ceylon”
  2. प्रेक्ष्य prekṣya · looking at (absolutive: having done) Dictionary: prekṣ, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 712, col. 1 “to look at, view, behold, observe”
  3. हृष्टात्मा hṛṣṭātmā · glad at heart (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: hṛṣṭa, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1303, col. 2 “thrilling with rapture, rejoiced, pleased, glad, merry”; ātman, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 135, col. 1 “the understanding, intellect, mind”
  4. युद्धाय yuddhāya · for battle (dative singular) Dictionary: yuddha, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 854, col. 3 “battle, fight, war”
  5. समुपागमत् samupāgamat · went forward (past (aorist), 3rd person singular) Dictionary: sam-upā-gam, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1169, col. 3 “to go up to together, go near to, resort to, approach”
  6. सर्वयत्नेन sarvayatnena · with every effort (compound, instrumental singular) Dictionary: sarva, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1184, col. 3 “whole, entire, all, every”; yatna, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 841, col. 1 “effort, exertion, energy, zeal, trouble, pains, care”
  7. महता mahatā · great (instrumental singular) Dictionary: mahat, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 794, col. 2 “great (in space, time, quantity or degree)”
  8. वधे vadhe · on the slaying (locative singular) Dictionary: vadha, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 916, col. 3 “the act of striking or killing, slaughter, murder, death”
  9. तस्य tasya · his (pronoun, genitive singular) Dictionary: tad, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 434, col. 1 “m. he, f. she, n. it, that, this”
  10. धृतः dhṛtaḥ · resolved (past participle, nominative singular) Dictionary: dhṛta, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 519, col. 2 “turned towards or fixed upon, ready or prepared for, resolved on (loc. or dat.)”
  11. अभवत् abhavat · became (past (imperfect), 3rd person singular) Dictionary: 1. bhū, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 760, col. 2 “to become, be”
1 printing differs

Edition differences. Another printing or text reads this place differently.

  • Word The 1888 Bombay printing reads: रावणं प्रेक्ष्य हृष्टात्मा जयार्थं समुपागमत् । सर्वयत्नेन महता वृतस्तस्य वधेऽभवत् ॥ जयार्थं ('for victory') for युद्धाय ('to fight'); वृतस्तस्य वधेऽभवत् for वधे तस्य धृतोऽभवत् (the sense is the same: he became set on Ravana's death).

and viewing Rāvana, advanced with a delighted heart, to obtain victory. And he became intent on his death with his dearest energies.

English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1473, scan leaf n373). Shown verbatim.

Verse 31

अथ रविरवदन्निरीक्ष्य रामं मुदितमनाः परमं प्रहृष्यमाणः ॥निशिचरपतिसंक्षयं विदित्वा सुरगणमध्यगतो वचस्त्वरेति ॥

Atha raviravadannirikshya ramam muditamanah paramam prahrishyamanahNishicharapatisankshayam viditva suraganamadhyagato vachastvareti

IAST

atha raviravadannirīkṣya rāmaṃ muditamanāḥ paramaṃ prahṛṣyamāṇaḥ ||niśicarapatisaṃkṣayaṃ viditvā suragaṇamadhyagato vacastvareti ||

How to read these English letters (IAST)

Our explanation Then the Sun, standing among the hosts of gods, looked at Rama with great joy. Knowing that the end of Ravana, the lord of the night-walkers, was near, he said to Rama, "Hurry!"

हिंदी अर्थ तब देवताओं के बीच खड़े सूर्य ने बड़े आनंद से राम की ओर देखा। यह जानकर कि रात में घूमने वालों के राजा रावण का अंत निकट है, उन्होंने राम से कहा, "जल्दी करो!"

Word by word

Every word, with its dictionary page

Word by word

  1. अथ atha · then (indeclinable) Dictionary: atha, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 17, col. 3 “an auspicious and inceptive particle (not easily expressed in English), now; then”
  2. रविः raviḥ · the Sun (nominative singular) Dictionary: ravi, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 869, col. 1 “the sun (in general) or the sun-god”
  3. अवदत् avadat · said (past (imperfect), 3rd person singular) Dictionary: vad, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 916, col. 1 “to speak, say, utter, tell, report, speak to, talk with, address”
  4. निरीक्ष्य nirīkṣya · looking at (absolutive: having done) Dictionary: nir-īkṣ, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 553, col. 3 “to look at or towards, behold, regard, observe”
  5. रामम् rāmam · Rama (accusative singular) Dictionary: rāma, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 877, col. 1 “N. of various mythical personages”
  6. मुदितमनाः muditamanāḥ · with a joyful mind (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: mudita, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 822, col. 2 “delighted, joyful, glad, rejoicing in (instr. or comp.)”; manas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 783, col. 3 “mind (in its widest sense as applied to all the mental powers)”
  7. परमम् paramam · greatly (adverb) Dictionary: parama, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 588, col. 1 “best, most excellent”
  8. प्रहृष्यमाणः prahṛṣyamāṇaḥ · rejoicing (present participle (middle), nominative singular) Dictionary: pra-hṛṣ, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 701, col. 2 “to rejoice, be glad or cheerful, exult”
  9. निशिचरपतिसंक्षयम् niśicarapatisaṃkṣayam · the end of the night-walkers' lord (compound, accusative singular) Dictionary: 1. niśi, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 560, col. 3 “loc. of niś, in comp.”; niśā-cara, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 560, col. 3 “a fiend or Rākshasa”; 1. pati, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 582, col. 1 “a master, owner, possessor, lord, ruler, sovereign”; saṃ-kṣaya, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1127, col. 3 “complete destruction or consumption”
  10. विदित्वा viditvā · knowing (absolutive: having done) Dictionary: 1. vid, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 963, col. 2 “to know, understand, perceive, learn”
  11. सुरगणमध्यगतः suragaṇamadhyagataḥ · standing among the hosts of gods (compound, nominative singular) Dictionary: sura-gaṇa, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 1234, col. 2 “a class or company of divinities”; madhya-gata, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 781, col. 3; madhya-ga, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 781, col. 3 “going or being in the middle or among”
  12. वचः vacaḥ · the word (accusative singular) Dictionary: 1. vacas, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 912, col. 3 “speech, voice, word”
  13. त्वर tvara · hurry (imperative, 2nd person singular) Dictionary: tvar, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 463, col. 3 “to hurry, make haste, move with speed”
  14. इति iti · thus (end of the words) (indeclinable) Dictionary: 2. iti, Monier-Williams 1899, p. 165, col. 1 “in this manner, thus”

Then exceedingly delighted; and filled with rejoicings, the Sun, in the midst of the celestial hosts knowing that the destruction of the Sovereign of the night-rangers was at hand,—spoke unto Rāma "Bestir thyself."

English translation: Manmatha Nath Dutt, The Ramayana, translated into English prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki: Yuddha Kandam (Calcutta, 1893); public domain. archive.org (page 1473–1474, scan leaf n373–n374). Shown verbatim.

Sanskrit text: a reading text, checked against today’s editions; dated by the 1913 Bombay printing. Meanings: written for Pujadeep and checked against the cited edition. Source and changes

Learn by heart: Aditya Hridayam

. Read it, then close your eyes and say it.

"Said it" lasts for this visit only. No counts, no streaks.

How to read these English letters (IAST)

About the Aditya Hridayam

The chapter number differs from printing to printing, so we name the printings. Our Sanskrit is read from the 1913 Kumbakonam edition of the southern recension, where the hymn is sarga 107. The 1888 Bombay printing with the Tilaka commentary numbers it sarga 105, and M. N. Dutt's 1893 English translation calls it Section CVI. In the 1913 edition, Govindaraja's commentary says that some manuscripts do not have this chapter and that the commentator Udari did not explain it. R. T. H. Griffith (1874) notes that the Bengal recension does not have it.

Verses 1–3 tell the story and verses 4–5 praise the hymn. Verses 6–15 name the Sun as all the gods and give him many names. Verses 16–21 are salutations ("namaḥ"). Verses 22–24 say what the Sun does. Verses 25–27 tell what the hymn brings, in Agastya's words, and verses 28–31 tell what Rama did. The two old printings differ in about 25 words; each difference is listed under its verse. Three words follow the wording that books print today, checked against two present-day publishers: "akṣayaṃ" (verse 4), "māṅgalyaṃ" (verse 5) and "paścimāyādraye" (verse 16); the 1913 words, with the same sense, are shown under those verses. Beside the Sanskrit are Dutt's 1893 English prose translation, unchanged, and our own explanation in English and Hindi. Where the old commentators read a verse differently, both readings are shown with their names.

How to say it

The text is Sanskrit, and the IAST line writes it as it is spelled. Every short "a" is spoken, also at the end of a word (Rāma, not Rām). ḥ (visarga) is a short breath that echoes the vowel before it (namaḥ ≈ "namaha"). ṃ (anusvāra) is a nasal sound; before a consonant it takes that consonant's nasal. The printing puts ॥ in the middle of each verse as well as at its end; a reader pauses at each.

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Questions families ask

Who wrote the Aditya Hridayam?

Traditionally attributed to the sage Valmiki, as part of the Ramayana.

Which text does this page follow?

Sanskrit text: a reading text, checked against today’s editions; dated by the 1913 Bombay printing. Meanings: written for Pujadeep and checked against the cited edition. See the source

Source and licence

Dated witness
Srimad Valmiki Ramayana, a critical edition with the commentary of Sri Govindaraja and extracts from many other commentaries and readings: Yuddhakanda 6 (T. R. Krishnacharya, Govindaraja, T. R. Krishnacharya (Madhva Vilas Book Depot, Kumbakonam), Bombay, 1913). Public domain. Used only to date the text. The Devanagari on this page is a reading text and is not copied from this printing.
Common wording
In this text, 1 word follows today's common wording, checked against sanskritdocuments.org and Gita Press, Gorakhpur.
Our explanation
Explanation written for this site from the sources listed here, and checked against the cited edition. It is not a translation and not the only way to read the text. Free to quote with credit.
Checked
Checked against the cited edition, October 15, 2026.

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